| A | B |
|---|
| Honors: Active site | the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate |
| Honors: Induced fit model | the model of enzyme action that describes how an enzyme changes shape when a substrate attaches |
| Organic compound | compound that contains carbon and hydrogen |
| Amino acid | organic molecule that is the monomer of proteins |
| Peptide bond | the chemical bond that forms between two amino acids that are directly next to each other |
| Protein | organic compound made up of one or more chains of amino acids |
| Enzyme | a type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions by lowering activation energy |
| Honors: Substrate | the reactant in a chemical reaction that attaches to the enzyme at the active site |
| Hydrogen bond | the bond that forms between amino acids that are across from each other in a folded protein |
| Lactose | disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose |
| Polypeptide | another name for a protein |
| Polymer | a large molecule that is formed by more than 3 monomers |
| Cell membrane | the double-layer that forms in a cell as a result of polar heads being attracted to water and nonpolar tails being hydrophobic |
| Macromolecule | a very large organic molecule composed of hundreds or thousands of atoms |
| Monomer | a single chemical unit that can combine with other like or unlike molecules to make a polymer |
| Primary structure | the level of organization in a protein that refers to the order/sequence of amino acids |
| Secondary structure | the level of organization in a protein that refers to the shape it is formed into as a result of hydrogen bonding |
| Structural support | one of the many functions of protein that is obvious in cartilage and collagen |
| Honors: Temperature | A change in this can cause an enzyme or other protein to be denatured |
| Honors: Competitive inhibition | in enzymes, when a molecule takes up the active site so the substrate cannot enter |
| Honors: Non-competitive inhibition | in enzymes, a molecules takes up another space on the enzyme that causes the active site to change shape |
