| A | B |
|---|
| Structure | an object with a definite size and shape, which serves a pur¬pose or function. The parts of a structure have a specific arrange¬ment that remains the same |
| Design | the shape and size of a structure and the materials of which is it composed |
| Function | its main purpose or job of a a structure |
| Properties | the characteristics of materials; every material has its own unique set of properties; examples of properties include colour, odour, and density |
| Load | the weight carried or supported by a structure |
| Natural | structure an object or structure not made by people |
| Manufactured | structure an object or a structure that is made by humans |
| Shell | structure composed of a thin outer layer |
| Frame | a type of struc¬ture in which a skeleton of materials supports the weight of the other parts |
| Mass structure | a type of struc¬ture in which a skeleton of materials supports the weight of the other parts |
| Aesthetics | a branch of philosophy that studies the prin¬ciples of beauty; the properties of an object that make it pleasing to the senses |
| Margin of Safety | the need for something built or manufactured to perform as expected for a long time, so that people's safety and health are not at risk. In a structure, a margin of safety would ensure that the structure has extra strength to sup¬port more load than normal |
| Materials | what different structures are made of |
| Layered/ Lamination | a process in which a layer of material is pressed or glued onto other layers |
| Composite | made up of several different materials, with different properties, to fulfil a specific purpose |
| Woven and Knit | fibres of a material are twisted or tied together using loops |
| Joints | a fastening that holds parts of structures together |
| Mobile Joints | can allow movement |
| Rigid Joints | prevent movement |
| Fasteners | joints where hole are made in the materials (nails, bolts, screws, rivets) |
| Interlocking Shapes | joint where specially shaped parts fit together (lego, dovetail) |
| Ties | a device used to add strength to a structure, usually by forming a rigid triangle at the point where the pieces come together in a right angle; a type of rigid joint, such as a piece of rope, that is used to pull objects or materials together and hold them in place |
| Adhesives | adhesive a sticky substance, such as glue or epoxy cement, that is used to hold objects or materials together |
| Melting | to change from a solid to a liquid using heat to join materials together |
| Force Meter | a scientific device used to measure force; also called a spring scale |
| Balance Scale | a device to measure mass; many balances work by using the force of gravity |
| Deformation | the change in a struc¬ture when a force is acting on it; deformation is an indicator that the materials are stressed |
| Live Load | the force or forces that act in or on a structure but are not part of the structure such as wind |
| Dead Load | the weight of a structure upon itself |
| Internal forces | a force that acts on an object from the inside |
| External forces | stresses that act on a structure from outside |
| Forces | a push or pull, or anything that causes a change in the motion of an object |
| Friction | force encountered when 2 or more objects rub together |
| Gravity | the force exerted by gravity on an object; measured in newtons (N); the preferred scientific term for the everyday term "weight" |
| Mass | the amount of matter in a substance; often measured with a balance |
| Weight | the force of gravity exerted on a mass |
| Matter | anything that takes up space, has mass, and is made up of particles |
| Grams | basic unit of mass |
| Newtons | (N) the standard unit of force in the Systeme intenzational d' unites |
| Shear | internal forces that act opposite each other |
| Torsion | force a force that acts on a material by twisting its ends in opposite directions |
| Compression | a force that compacts or squeezes a material |
| Tension | a force that pulls on a material and stretches it apart |
| Metal Fatigue | a weakening of metal due to stress, resulting in an accumulation of small cracks |
| Cantilever | a horizontal board or other span supported at one end only, by a very strong column (e.g., a diving board) |
| Neutral Axis | center line in an object under bending force that doesn't get longer or shorter |
| Arch | curved structure that uses a keystone to direct forces down it's size and into the ground |
| Brace | a device used to add strength to a structure, usually by forming |
| Beams | support pieces in the roof of a structure desinged to support large loads |
| I beam | "I" shape. Stronger than a solid beam because it is hollow |
| Box beam | hollow beam with a low dead load |
| L beam | 1/2 a box beam with an even lower dead load |
| Corrugation | the waves in cardboard tha act as arches and spread out the load |
| Triangles | angled partsn structures that direct large loads to oppose and cancel each other out |
| Stability | a structure, tending to maintain its shape and position |
| Centre of Gravity | point in the centre or middle structure that gravity seems to pull on |
| Balanced | refers to the condition of a stable structure, in which external and internal forces are balanced |
| Unbalanced | where a structure changes shape and maybe movment. |
| Foundation | the solid base of a structure |
| Footings | a base for a wall in the foundation of a structure; a footing is wider than the wall to spread the weight over a larger area |
| Pilings | a large, cylindrical struc¬ture used to carry the \veight of a structure to a solid foundation ma terial |
| Footings | wide area below a wall that sits on solid bedrock |
| Pilings | large, wood, metal, or concrete cylinders that suport the weight of buildings and bridges by resting on bedrock |
| Rapid rotation | spinning to keep a struture stable |
| Spin stabilization | spinning a struture so it remains in a stable osition |
