| A | B |
|---|
| Rock Cycle | the succession of events that results in the transformation of earth materials |
| clastic sedimentary rock | Sedimentary rock consisting of cemented-together detritus derived from the weathering of preexisting rock. |
| erosion | The grinding away and removal of Earth’s surface materials by moving water, air, or ice. |
| deposition | The process by which sediment settles out of a transporting medium. |
| compaction | The phase of lithification in which the pressure of the overburden on the buried rock squeezes out water and air that was trapped between clasts, and the clasts press tightly together. |
| cementation | The phase of lithification in which cement, consisting of minerals that precipitate from groundwater, partially or completely fills the spaces between clasts and attaches each grain to its neighbor. |
| sorting | The range of clast sizes in a collection of sediment; (2) the degree to which sediment has been separated by flowing currents into different-size fractions. |
| depositional environment | A setting in which sediments accumulate; its character (fluvial, deltaic, reef, glacial, etc.) reflects local conditions. |
| delta | A wedge of sediment formed at a river mouth when the running water of the stream enters standing water, the current slows, the stream loses competence, and sediment |
| carbonic acid | The most common source of acidity in water is dissolved carbon dioxide |
| transporation | movement of sediments via transporting agents such as water, wind, ice and even gravity |
| biogenic | substances that meet the defination of a mineral and are produced naturally by organisms |
| continental shelf | a broad, shallowy submerged fringe of a contentint ocen depth is usually less then 200 meters |
| continental slope | the slope at the edge of a continental shelf |
| cross bedding | internal laminations in a bed, inclined at an angle to the main bedding |
| dissolution | a process in which materials disolve in water |
| facies | sedimentary a group of rocks and primary structures indicative of a given depositional enviroment |
| lithifaction | the transformation of loose sediment into rock |
| ripples | marks in the rock |
| rounding | how spherical a rock is |
| atoll | a coral reef that devlops around a circular reef surrounding a lagoon |
| carbon cycle | biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere |
| algal mats | Continuous strip of dark, algal sediments mark the middle and upper parts of the intertidal zone along the coast |
| bioclastic | derived from shell fragments or similar organic remains. |
| carbonate platform | A carbonate platform is a sedimentary body which possesses topographic relief, and is composed of autochthonous calcareous deposits |
| foraminifera | microscopic plankton with calcite shells components of some limestone |
| fringing reef | a coral reef that forms directly along the coast |
| hydrologic cycle | the continual passage of water from resoervoir to reservoir |
| oolite sand | is an unusual sediment that is found in and around the Great Salt Lake. |
| reef | a ridge of jagged rock, coral, or sand just above or below the surface of the sea |
| metamorphism | The process by which one kind of rock transforms into a different kind of rock. |
| differential stress | A condition causing a material to experience a push or pull in one direction of a greater magnitude than the push or pull in another direction; in some cases, differential stress can result in shearing. |
| contact metamorphism | Metamorphism caused by heat conducted into country rock from an igneous intrusion. |
| anhydrus | doesnt contain water |
| cataclastic | is a type of metamorphic rock that has been wholly or partly formed by the progressive fracturing and comminution of existing rock |
| burial metamorphism | metamorphism due only to the consequences of very deep burial |
| diagenesis | all of the physical, chemical, and biological processes that transform sediment into sedimentary rock |
| foliation | layering formed as a consequence of the alignment of mineral grains |
| hydrothermal metamorphism | when very hot water passes through the crust and causes metamorphism of rock |
| metasomatism | the process by which a rock's overall chemical composition changes during metamorphism because of reactions with hot water |
| metamorphic facies | a set of metamorphic mineral assemblages indicative of metamorphism under a specific range of pressures and tempreatures |
| porphyroblast | is a large mineral crystal in a metamorphic rock which has grown within the finer grained groundmass |
| prograde | metamorphism that occurs as temperatures and pressures are increasing |
| regional metamorphism | metamorphism of a broad region |
| retrograde | metamorphism that occurs as pressures and temps are decresing |
| uniform stress | is when the stress on the rock is the same in all directions. |
