| A | B |
|---|
| chivalry | the system, principles and customs of knighthood |
| Crusades | series of battles to free Holy Land from Muslims |
| abbess | female superior of a convent of nuns |
| clergy | church officials |
| schism | separation or break |
| knight | mounted man at arms |
| estate | major social class in France |
| vassal | man who serves a lord in a military capacity |
| bishopric | district over which the jurisdiction of a bishop extends |
| monastery | where the monks live |
| monk | man who separates himself from human society to pursue dedication to God |
| pope | leader of the Catholic Church |
| feudalism | political/social system resulting in a relationship between the lord and the vassal |
| scriptoria | room in a monastery for copying manuscripts |
| missionary | someone who goes out to spread a religious message |
| Charlemagne | his coronation symbolized a new civilization of Roman, Christian and Germanic elements |
| local nobles | to whom people turned for help after the Germanic invasions |
| William of Normandy | led the invasion of England at the Battle of Hastings |
| Philip IV | enlarged the bureaucracy of the French crown and helped create the Estates-General |
| Ishmael | son of Abraham, from whom the Arabs are descended from |
| Gregory I | increased power of papacy, ruled Rome and the surrounding areas |
| Henry II | expanded the jurisdiction of royal courts |
| Thomas a Becket | killed because he opposed Henry II on royal courts trying clerics |
| Magna Carta | formally recognized the monarchs do not have absolute power |
| Great Schism | caused by the Eastern Orthodox Church refusal to accept pope as head of whole Christian faith |
| Muhammad | believed God revealed Himself in part to Moses and Jesus |
| jihad | fair, defensive warfare |
| Battle of Tours | ended Arab expansion into Europe |
| Shiite Muslims | believed only the descendants of Ali were the true rulers of Islam |
| Sunni Muslims | believed the Umayyads were acceptable rulers of Islam |
| wergild | value of a person in money |
