| A | B |
|---|
| cash crops | Agricultural products grown primarily to be sold for profits. |
| colonization | the act of creating new settlements |
| dissenter | People who disagree with official religious or political opinions |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | The first written set of principles (constitution) written in 1639 by Thoams Hooker |
| Great Awakening | A Christian movement that became widespread in the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s |
| Great Migration | Mass settlement of thousands of English people to the Americas btwn 1630 and 1640 |
| House of Burgesses | Colonial Virginia’s elected assembly. |
| immigrants | People who move to another country after leaving their homeland. |
| indentured servants | Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years |
| Mayflower Compact | Document written by the Pilgrims that established general guidelines for self government |
| mercantilism | Practice of creating and maintaining wealth by carefully controlling trade |
| Navigation Acts | A series of English laws that required the American colonies to trade primarily with England; set duties on some goods |
| pilgrims | Members of a Puritan Separatist sect that left England to settle in the Americas |
| proprietors | owners |
| triangular trade | Trading networks in which goods and slaves moved among England, the American colonies, the West Indies and West Africa |
| 1619 | year Vriginia House of Burgesses was created |
| 1215 | year Magna Carta was created |
| 1620 | Year Mayflower Compact was signed |
| 1607 | year Jamestown was settled |
| 1639 | year Fundamental Orders of Connecticut were written |
| New England Town Meetings | Political meeting at which people make decisions on local issues |
| 1730-1740's | year the First Great Awakening occured |
| Roger Williams | founder of Connecticut, former Puritan minister |
| William Penn | Quaker, founder of Pennsylvania |
| Lord Baltimore | founder of Maryland |
| John Smith | founder of Jamestown |
| Anne Hutchinson | Puritan dissenter who joined Roger Williams in Connecticut |
| William Bradford | governor of the Plymouth colony |
| Quakers | peacful group of people that settled Pennsylvania |
| puritans | a Protestant group of people that wanted to reform or "purify" the Church of England |
| limited government | the government's power comes from the Constitution - it has limits |
| popular sovereignty | the source of the power is from the people |
| federalism | power is divided between the state and federal government - some powers are shared |
| separation of powers | power is divided between the three branches of government - legislative, executive and judicial |
| checks and balances | one branch of government has the ability to check on the power of the other branches |
| republicanism | citizens choose representatives to make decisions for them through the voting process |
| individual rights | personal freedoms and protections under the law |
| example of republicanism | Citizens elect Congressman to make decisions on their behalf |
| example of individual rights | Freedom of the Press and Speech |
| example of federalism | only the federal government can make the laws, but both the state and federal government can tax citizens |
| example of checks and balances | President can veto a law made by Congress |
| example of popular sovereignty | The Preamble to the Constitution "We the People..." |
| boycott | refusal to buy goods |
| repeal | to revoke or refuse |
| propaganda | the spreading of ideas, usually rumors |
| mercantilism | economic system which benefitted the mother country (Great Britain) |
| minutemen | elite group of militia that was prepared for battle quickly |
| First Continental Congress | colonies met, still believing a compromise with Great Britain was possible |
| Second Continental Congress | colonies met, and eventually declared independence from Great Britain |
| redcoats | British troops |
| Olive Branch Petition | the attempt by the colonies to compromise with Great Britain |
| unalienable rights | natural rights |
| patriots | colonists who wanted independence |
| loyalists | colonists who were against independence |
| Sam Adams | leader of the Sons of Liberty |
| Abigail Adams | early leader in women's rights |
| John Adams | lawyer and leader of the patriot cause - pen is mightier than the sword |
| Crispus Attucks | former African slave and first casualty of the Boston Massacre |
| Committee of Correspondence | group of messengers and writers who communicated grievances with other colonies |
| Benjamin Franklin | creator of "Join or Die" political cartoon |
| Patrick Henry | early motivational speaker for independence - "Give me liberty or give me death" |
| Thomas Jefferson | author of the Declaration of Independence |
| John Locke | wrote early ideas of "natural rights" of men |
| Thomas Paine | author of "Common Sense" |
| George Washington | commander of the Continental Army |
