| A | B |
|---|
| Industrial Revolution | the shift beginning in England during the 18th century from making goods by hand to making them by machine |
| Years of Industrial Revolution | 1700-1900 |
| Agricultural Revolution | Improvements in farming contributed to this. An increase in population increased the demand for food. The enclosure movement and crop rotation enabled farmers to meet the demand. |
| crop rotation | the system of growing a different cro in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land |
| enclosure | one of the fenced in or hedged in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked by village farmers |
| textile | type of cloth or woven fabric-wool, cotton |
| entrepreneur | a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of business |
| factors of production | the resources including land, labor, and capital that are needed to produce goods and services |
| urbanization | the growth of cities and the migration of people into them |
| union | an association of workers, formed to bargain |
| strike | to refuse to work in order to force an employer to meet certain demands |
| collective bargaining | negotiations between workers and their employers |
| corporation | a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts |
| middle class | a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers |
| James Watt | 1765 figured out a way to make the steam engine work faster and more efficiently |
| Eli Whitney | 1793 invented the cotton gin. This multiplied the amount of cotton that could be cleaned. |
| Henry Bessemer | 1855 patented first inexpensive industrial process for mass production of steel from molten pig iron. The process removes the impurities from iron by oxidation |
| Louis Pasteur | French chemist who discovered that heat kills bacteria and he developed a process called pasteurization to kill germs in liquids like milk. It was clear that bacteria caused other diseases as well. |
| Thomas Edison | invented the electric light bulb in 1879 |
| Henry Ford | used the "assembly line" and interchangeable parts to mass produce affordable cars. His first car was the Model T |
| Alexander Graham Bell | 1876 invented the telephone |
| The Wright Bros. | Dec. 17, 1903 they flew a gasoline powered flying machine at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Airline manufacturing came from this |
| Charles Darwin | Came up with the Theory of Evolution. This theory went against what the Bible taught about the origin of man. The theory of evolution believed in the survival of the fittest and that the fittest species survived and passed on its strengths to its offspring. We have been evolving (changing) over time. |
| James Hargreaves | 1764 invented teh spinning jenny. It allowed one spinner to work eight threads at a time |
