| A | B |
| ratification | vote of approval |
| Bill of Rights | first 10 amendments listing essential freedoms |
| cabinet | President's advisers |
| unconstitutional | goes against the Constitution |
| national debt | amount of money a government owes |
| tariff | tax on imported goods |
| neutral | not taking sides |
| Federalists | political party started by Hamilton, supported a strong central government |
| Democratic-Republicans | political party started by Jefferson, favored strong state government |
| political party | group of people who share similar ideas about government |
| states' rights | states may restrict national authority |