| A | B |
|---|
| the chemical formula for photosynthesis | 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy = 6O2 + C6H12O6 |
| reactants in photosynthesis | water, energy, and carbon dioxide |
| products of photosynthesis | glucose and oxygen |
| This makes plants to appear green | chlorophyll |
| chlorophyll is found here in clusters | inside chloroplasts, in the thylakoid membrane |
| a photosystem | is made up of chlorophyll, and when light hits them, they produce high energy electrons that come from splitting up water molecules |
| products from a photosystem | electrons, which then pass along the photosynthetic electron transport chain, helping to produce ATP to make sugars |
| light-dependent reactions | involve the use of light to react with the electrons inside chlorophyll, inside the chloroplasts of plant leaf cells |
| light-independent reactions | do not directly involve the use of light to react |
| Calvin Cycle | a light-independent series of reactions that turn molecules of carbon dioxide and water into molecules of sugar |
| 2 metabolic processes which occurs in cells of plants but not animals | photosynthesis and the Calvin Cycle |
| plants absorb this from the atmosphere to facilitate the process of photosynthesis | carbon dioxide |
| a byproduct of photosynthesis that animals breathe in | oxygen |
| thylakoids | inside chloroplasts where light dependent reactions take place |
| stroma | inside chloroplasts surrounding the thylakoids; where light independent reactions take place |
| Calvin cycle | uses carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to combine with RuBP to make sugar (happens in the stroma) |
| NADP+ | electron carrier used in photosynthesis that will accept a hydrogen ion and electrons |
| NADPH | a high-energy or "energized" electron carrier found in photosynthesis |
| sugars made from photosynthesis | used to build tissues in the plant and provide energy to be broken down in mitochondria |
| photosystem 1 & 2 | sunlight excites electrons inside these parts of the thylakoids, and they contain chlorophyll |
| products of light dependent reactions in photosynthesis | NADPH, ATP, oxygen |
| products of light independent reactions in photosynthesis | sugar |
| total reactants of photosynthesis | sunlight energy, water, and carbon dioxide |
| carbohydrate | also known as sugar |
| the number of "turns" around the Calvin Cycle it takes a carbon compound to be turned into one molecule of sugar | 6 |
| thylakoid membrane | where the electron transport chain of the light-dependent reaction occurs |
| light-independent or "dark" reaction | the Calvin Cycle |
| where the Calvin cycle occurs | stroma |
| where the light-dependent reaction occurs | in the thylakoid |
| PGA | a 3-carbon molecule that is formed at the top of the Calvin Cycle |
| PGAL | a 3 carbon molecule that is formed from PGA |
| RuBP | a 5-carbon molecule that combines with carbon from carbon dioxide at the beginning of the Calvin Cycle |
| chemosynthesis | a process by which some microbes make energy without the use of sunlight or oxygen/carbon dioxide |
| why leaves fall off of trees in autumn | special cells called abscission cells "cut off" nutrients from the stem of the plant once the leaves' chloroplasts have died |
| why leaves "turn" color in autumn | accessory pigments such as red and orange already exist in the leaves, but become visible when the chlorophyll disintegrates due to the weather change |
| why plant leaves appear green | they reflect back green light while absorbing the other colors in the visible light spectrum |
| grana/granum | stack of thylakoids inside the chloroplast |
