| A | B |
|---|
| The molten mixture of rock forming substances, gases, and water deep in Earth's mantle. | magma |
| The measure of how much mass there is in a volume of a substance. | density |
| A force that builds up mountains and landmasses on Earth's surface. | constructive force |
| The hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth's surface and were once all joined together to form a supercontinent called Pangaea. | continental drift |
| A plate boundary where two plates move toward eachother. | convergent boundary. |
| A force that slowly wears away mountains and other features on the surface of the Earth. | destructive force |
| A plate boundary where two plates move away from eachother. | divergent boundary |
| The Theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle. | Plate Tectonics |
| A major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean. | Ring of Fire |
| The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor. | sea-floor spreading |
| The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent boundary. | subduction |
| A plate boundary where two plates move past eachother in opposite directions. | transform boundary |
| Liquid magma that reaches the surface. | lava |
| the amount of matter in an object | mass |
| the amount of space an object takes up | volume |
| the amount of mass in a given volume | density |
| The geological theory that states that pieces of Earth's crust are in constant, slow motion. | Plate Tectonics |
| A deep valley that forms under water where an oceanic plate slips under a continental plate. | trench |
| The resistance of a fluid to flowing. | viscosity |
| Type of rock formed by the cooling of magma or lava. | igneous |
| Rock formed by the slow cooling of magma under the surface; usually forming numerous or large crystals. | intrusive igneous |
| Rock formed by the fast cooling lava; usually forming small crystals. | extrusive igneous |
| An avalanche of hot ash, rock fragments and gases that flow from volcanoes at extremely fast speeds. | pyroclastic flow |
| A volcanic mudflow. | lahar |
| Material that is ejected from a volcano including ash, cinders and volcanic bombs. | tephra |
| Rock, minerals and volcanic glass fragments smaller than 2 mm. | ash |
| Material found in magma that is affects the viscosity and flow of the lava. | silica |
| The large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the top of the volcano collapses. | caldera |
| A crack at the surface from which lava erupts. | fissure |
| Masses of magma that pour onto earth's surface. | lava flow |
| Rounded, steep-sided mounds built by magma that is highly viscous. | lava dome |
| Opening in earth's crust from which magma and volcanic gases flow. | vent |
| A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself across rock layers. (vertical) | dike |
| A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma squeezes between rock layers. (horizontal) | sill |
| A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cooled inside the crust. | batholith |
