| A | B |
|---|
| cohesion | property of water; 1 water molecule sticks to another |
| adhesion | property of water; it is attracted to sides of containers |
| surface tension | the force that causes the molecules on the surface of a liquid to be pushed together and form a layer |
| freezing point of water | 0 Celsius or 32 Farenheit; when compounds are dissolved in it decreases |
| boiling point of water | 100 Celsius or 212 Farenheit at sea level |
| ice | floats; it is less dense than water |
| universal solvent | many liquids, solids, and gases will dissolve in water |
| ionization | the process of creating electrically charged particles |
| ions | positively or negatively charged atoms |
| condensation | steam changing to liquid;occurs when heat is released |
| evaporation | liquid changing to gas; occurs when heat is absorbed |
| pure water | equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions, never truly exists |
| free water | water that flows easily from a hydrate such as fruit |
| bound water | water that is tied to the structure of large molecules |
| hydrate | any chemical compound loosely bound to water |
| point source pollution | contamination coming from a specific place such as a factory |
| nonpoint source pollution | contaminants entering the water supply through runoff from multiple sources |
| runoff | rainwater that does not enter the ground but flows over the ground and pavement directly into the water ways |
| indicator | organic dye that by color change shows the level of acidity in a solution |
| endpoint | the equivalence point; point at which there is equal number of acid and base molecules |
| acid | a substance that creates a surplus of hydrogen or hydronium ions |
| base | substance that creates a surplus of hydroxide ions |
| concentration | measure of parts of one substance to the known volume of another |
| molarity | measure of solute concentration; expressed as moles per liter |
| pH scale | range used to express the degree of concentration of hydrogen or hydronium ions present in a solution |
| neutralization | point at which all ions have combined |
| buffer | and agent that helps to stabilize pH by absorbing excess acids or bases |
| proton donor, electron acceptor, turns litmus red,tastes sour | acid |
| proton acceptor, electron donor, turns litmus blue, tastes bitter, feels slippery | base |
| responsible for water's many properties | hydrogen bonds |
| intermolecular | between molecules |
| anthocyanins | water soluble pigments in some fruits and vegetables that produces a color change in the presence of acids and bases |
