| A | B |
|---|
| Age of Enlightenment | the natural rights philosophy was a product of this |
| capitalism | an economic system in which the means of producing and distributing goods are privately owned and operated for profit in a competitive market |
| Christendom | The Christian world, or Christians in general, considered as a single society |
| hierarchical | organized or classified according to rank, capacity, or authority |
| Judeo-Christian | beliefs and practices which have their historical roots in Judaism and Christianity |
| Middle Ages | a period lasting from the fifth century to the fourteenth century |
| nation-state | the modern nation as the representative unit of political organization |
| papacy | the office or authority of the Pope, the spiritual leader of the Roman Catholic church |
| private morality | the principles of civic virtue as expressed in Judeo-Christian teachings |
| Providence | the founders often spoke of this to suggest their belief in God's interest and involvement in the affairs of the world |
| public morality | the principles of civic virtue embodied in the Greek and Roman ideals |
| Reformation | sixteenth century religious movement aimed at reforming the Roman Catholic church and resulting in the establishment of Protestant churches |
| Renaissance | the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe |
| secular government | a system of political power not exercised by ecclesiastical bodies or the clergy |
