| A | B |
|---|
| Prokaryote | Cells with NO true nucleus |
| Eukaryote | Cells with a true nucleus |
| Bacteria | The only prokaryotic cells |
| Nucleus | Control center of the cell that gives instructions on how to make a protein |
| Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell that makes ATP energy |
| Ribosomes | Make proteins |
| Rough ER | Protein proofreading; production of internal membranes |
| Golgi | Mailroom of the cell; packages and distributes proteins |
| Lysosome | Destroys bad proteins |
| Vacuole | Stores food, water & wastes |
| Cell membrane | Semipermeable outer boundary of animal cells |
| Cell wall | Rigid outer boundary of plant cells |
| Phospholipid bilayer | Another name for the cell membrane |
| Passive transport | Movement across the membrane without energy |
| Active transport | Movement across the membrane that requires energy |
| Diffusion | Passive transport of small molecules like oxygen, carbon dioxide and urea from high concentration to low. |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water |
| Facilitated diffusion | Passive transport of larger molecules like glucose from high concentration to low |
| Endocytosis | Active transport; engulfing large molecules into the cell |
| Exocytosis | Active transport; exiting of large molecules from the cell |
| Photosynthesis | carbon dioxide + water + sunlight --> glucose + oxygen |
| Respiration | Glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + ATP energy |
| Chloroplast | The organelle that carries out photosynthesis in plants |
| Aerobic respiration | Making a lot of energy per glucose using oxygen |
| Anaerobic respiration | Making of a small amount of energy without oxygen |
| Ethanol | Product of fermentation in plants |
| Lactic acid | Product of fermentation in animals |
| Smooth ER | Detoxification; production of lipids |
| Peroxisomes | Detoxification of fatty acids |
| Microtubules | Large, hollow cytoskeletal fibers used as tracks for vesicle and chromosome movement |
| Dynamic Instability | Assembly and disassembly of microtubules |
| Intermediate filaments | Stable fibers of the cytoskeleton used to hold organelle position |
| Actin microfilaments | Thin, solid cytoskeletal fibers found just beneath the membrane |
| Treadmilling | Assembly and disassembly of actin microfilaments |
| Hypotonic | Low solute concentration |
| Hypertonic | High solute concentration |
| ATP Pump | When 2 molecules such as Na & K that use the same protein to move against their concentration gradient in opposite directions |
| Phagocytosis | Engulfing of solids |
| Pinocytosis | Engulfing of liquids |
| Receptor mediated endocytosis | Engulfing of specific molecules using membrane receptors |
| Glycolysis | Breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm to produce pyruvate, ATP and NADPH |
| Transition Reaction | Aerobic conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and NADH |
| Kreb's Cycle | Series of aerobic reactions beginning with the breakdown of Acetyl CoA that produces ATP, NADH and FADH2 |
| Electron Transport Chain | Use of H from NADH and FADH2 to make 34 ATP |
| Light Dependent Reactions | Splitting of water in the thylakoids of the chloroplasts |
| Light Independent Reactions | Calvin Cycle; Carbon dioxide conversion to glucose in the stroma |
