| A | B |
|---|
| Homeostasis | Steady state; equilibrium; stability |
| Skeletal System | Supports body, protects organs, framework for movement |
| Osteoporosis | Holes in the bones |
| Cranium | Skull |
| Mandible | Lower jaw bone |
| Cervical vertebrae | Neck bones |
| Thoracic vertebrae | Backbones attached to ribs |
| Clavicle | Collar bone |
| Scapula | Shoulder blade |
| Sternum | Breast bone in middle of chest |
| Humerus | Upper arm bone |
| Radius | Forearm bone that leads to the thumb |
| Ulna | Forearm bone leading to the pinky |
| Carpals | Pebble-like wrist bones |
| Metacarpals | Long bones of hand |
| Phalanges | Fingers and toes |
| Pelvis | Hip bones |
| Lumbar vertebrae | Lower back bones |
| Sacrum | Fused vertebrae below waist |
| Femur | Thigh bone |
| Patella | Knee cap |
| Tibia | Shin bone |
| Fibula | Thin bone on outside of lower leg |
| Tarsals | Small bones at the top of the foot |
| Metatarsals | Long bones of foot |
| Calcaneus | Heel bone |
| Muscular system | Moves skeleton & food through digestive tract, beats heart |
| Skeletal Muscle | Voluntary, striated |
| Smooth Muscle | Involuntary; not striated |
| Cardiac Muscle | Involuntary, striated, in heart |
| Masseter | Jaw muscle |
| Pectoralis major | Chest muscle |
| Deltoid | Shoulder muscle |
| Trapezius | Muscle between shoulder and neck |
| External obliques | Muscles on sides of torso |
| Rectus abdominus | Abdominal muscles |
| Latissimus dorsi | Back muscles |
| Gluteus maximus | Butt muscle |
| Quadriceps | Thigh muscles - front |
| Hamstrings | Thigh muscles - back |
| Tibialis | Front of lower leg muscle |
| Gastrocnemius | Calf muscle |
| Achilles Tendon | Attaches gastrocnemius to foot |
| Esophagus | Tube that connects mouth to stomach |
| Stomach | Contains acid, pepsin & mucus |
| Small Intestine | Finishes digestion and absorbs nutrients |
| Large Intestine | Removes water from undigested food |
| Villi | Finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for nutrient absorption |
| Peristalsis | Muscular action pushing food through the digestive tract. |
| Circulatory System | Carries oxygen and nutrients to cells; carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells |
| Right Atrium | Chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the body |
| Right Ventricle | Chamber of the heart that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs |
| Left Atrium | Chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs |
| Left Ventricle | Most muscular chamber of the heart; pumps blood to the entire body |
| Arteries | Carry blood AWAY from the heart |
| Veins | Bring blood back to the heart |
| Capillaries | Smallest blood vessels where arteries turn into veins |
| Vena cava | Largest vein |
| Aorta | Largest artery |
| Coronary vessels | Supply the heart cells with blood |
| Respiratory System | Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| Trachea | Windpipe |
| Larynx | Voice box |
| Epiglottis | Cartilage flap that covers the trachea during swallowing |
| Immune System | Protects body from foreign invaders |
| Helper T cells | Identify the enemy invader |
| Killer T cells | Kill infected body cells |
| B cells | Produce specific weapons against invaders |
| Memory T and B cells | Circulate for a swift response to a second exposure to a pathogen |
