| A | B |
|---|
| Pangaea | super continent that existed 200 million years ago |
| Atlantic | ocean created when the super continent broke apart and opened to create a new ocean. Smaller than the Pacific but it's getting bigger! |
| Alfred Wegener | scientist who thought that the continents were once one super continent. They thought he was nuts until the '60s when Harry Hess discovered rifts and mountains on the ocean floors |
| Mesosaurus | reptile fossil found in South America and in Africa |
| sea-floor spreading | theory that new ocean crust is formed at the mid ocean ridges by molten magma rising and pushing the floor apart |
| magnetic clues | bands of basalt (type of volcanic rock) that show many magnetic reversals and are evidence of sea floor spreading |
| lithosphere | crust and very upper layer of the mantle |
| mantle | the largest layer inside Earth directly below the crust and above the outer core |
| crust | outer most rigid layer of Earth |
| inner core | solid core composed of dense iron and nickel |
| outer core | liquid core composed of iron and nickel |
| asthenosphere | plastic, malleable (silly putty) layer below the lithosphere that allows the rigid layer above to move |
| plates | large sections of Earth's crust and upper mantle, lithosphere |
| plate tectonics | theory that Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into sections |
| continental drift | theory that the continents move |
| divergent boundary | boundary between two plates that are moving apart |
| convergent boundary | boundary where two plates are moving toward each other |
| transform fault boundary | boundary where two plates are moving past each other |
| convection current | cycle of heating, rising, cooling and sinking |
| subduction zone | area where a denser converging plate desends or sinks under a less dense converging plate |
| San Andreas Fault | example of a transform fault boundary |
| mid-ocean ridge | example of a divergent boundary in ocean crust |
| Great Rift Valley in Africa | divergent boundary in continental crust that is tearing Africa apart |
| Marianas trench | deepest spot in any ocean, an example of converging oceanic plates that form both mountains and major big trenches |
| Himalaya Mountains | converging boundary where 2 continental crusts collide and push up mountains |
Plate Boundaries #1,  | Oceanic crust converging with oceanic crust to form a deep trench with volcanic mountain/islands above the melting subducted crust. Crust is not destroyed or created |
| Plate Boundaries #2, | Transform boundary with sliding crusts (such as the San Andreas Fault in CA) - crust is not destroyed but gets really messed up |
| Plate Boundaries #3, | oceanic crust subducts under continental crust to form a trench and volcanic mountains (such as the Andes Mtns in South America) above subducted crust. Some crust is destroyed. |
| Plate Boundaries #4, | Continent diverging from continent crust - some crust falls creating valleys (such as the Great African Rift) Crust neither destroyed nor created) |
| Plate Boundaries #5, | Continent converging with continent crust and pushing up mountains such as the Himalayas (crust neither destroyed or created) |
| Plate Boundaries #6, | Sea-floor spreading as discovered by Harry Hess during WWII. crust is created when magma rises through the weakened crust (such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge which is 12,000 miles long) |
| Plate Boundaries #7, | When continental crust diverge volcanoes may form along the splits., |
| Plate Boundaries #8, | Himalayan Mountains formed as crust hit crust, |
