| A | B |
|---|
| This is the scientific study of inheritance. | Genetics |
| Who was the scientist that first started studying genetics? | Gregor Mendel |
| This is a genetically inherited disease where your blood does not clot. | Hemophilia |
| The genetic code is transmitted to offspring in discrete independent units called __________. | Genes |
| Each cell in the human body with the exception of the sperm and egg cell, contains ________ chromosomes. | 46 |
| Each sperm and egg cell contains _____ chromosomes. | 23 |
| 23 chromosomes is called the ________ number. | haploid |
| When the sperm unites with the egg at conception, a ________ with 46 chromosomes is formed. | zygote |
| Are the 23 pairs of chromosomes nearly identical? | All of them are except for pair 23, the egg and sperm cells. |
| Where is genetic information stored? | In the nucleus of the cell |
| When scientists mapped the entire collection of genetic material in the nucleus it was called mapping the human ___________ | genome |
| What is the principle of independent assortment? | It says that each sperm and each egg are likely to have a different set of 23 chromosomes and this assures genetic variation (each brother and sister is differnt) |
| In the 23 pairs, what is each gene called? | An autosome |
| Dominant genes tend to override ___________ genes. | recessive |
| What is a genotype? | It lists the genes of a specific trait (AA aa Aa) |
| The manner in which the genotype is expressed is called the ___________. | Phenotype |
| Captial letters represent ___________ genes and lower case letters represent _________ genes. | Dominant, Recessive |
| When both genes are the same it is called ______________. | Homozygous |
| When both genes are different is called _________________. | Heterozygous |
| When two different dominant genes occur together it is called ___________. | Codominance |
| Which is the female chromosome? | x |
| Which is the male chromosome? | Y |
| A person with the genotype of xx would be _________. | female |
| A person with a genotype of xy would be _________. | Male |
| What genes are carried on the x chromosome? | clotting factors, colorblindness, female sex characteristics |
| Nonsexual traits carried on the x chromosome are called _______________. | sex linked traits |
| Why is color blindness more common in males? | Males only have one x so if they have the x for colorblindness they don't have another x to override it like females do.A |
| A genetic _______________ is a change in the genetic code. | mutation |
| What causes genetic mutations? | mutagens |
| What is genetic predisposition? | It does not mean you will get the disease, but you are genetically more likely to get the disease. |
| When three chromosomes occur in a pair it is called __________. | triosomy |
| When there is only chromosome in a pair it is called _______________. | monosomy |
| Any pathological condition present at birth is called _____________. | congenital |
| Inheritance of mDNA occurs only through the _________. | mother |
| What disease do scientist believe is caused by mDNA? | Parkinson's |
| This is the most common genetic disorder in Caucasians. | Cystic Fibrosis |
| In cystic fibrous the ___________ becomes thick. | mucous |
| In phenylketonuria (PKU) the body fails to produce an enzyme to process an ______________. | amino acid called phenylalanine |
| In PKU, phenylalanine accumulates in _________ tissue. | brain |
| This is a genetic disease common among the Jewish population. | Tay-Sachs |
| In Tay-Sachs disease ______________ accumulate in the brain. | lipids |
| This is imperfect bone formation where bones may break with very little trauma. | Osteogenesis Imperfecta |
| Multiple Neurofibromatosis is also called ___________ disease. | Elephant Man's Disease |
| Elephant Man disease is when benign __________ on cells that surround nerve fibers. | tumors |
| What is the most common chromosomal disorder. | Trisomy 21 |
| Triosomy 21 is often called ___________ syndrome. | Down's |
| This is when the genotype is XXY. | Klinefelter's Syndrome |
| This is a genotype of XO. | Turner's syndrome |
| Genes that may cause cancer are called _____________. | oncogenes |
| What are tumor suppressor cells. | Cells that regulate cell division so it occurs normally. |
| This is a chart that ilustrates genetic relationships in a family over several generations. | pedigree |
| This is a grid used to determine the mathematical probability of inheriting genetic traits. | Punnet Square |
| This is when a sample of cells is taken from the individual and then it is examined for chromosome abnormaliteis. | Karyotype |
| In this technique dr.'s add genetically altered cells to teh body rather than change existing body cells. | Gene augumentation |
| In this process Dr.'s try to change existing body cells. | Gene replacement therapy |
| This is a method of automated machines reading a sequence of nucleotides to determine the genetic code. | electrophoresis |
