| A | B | 
|---|
| This is the scientific study of inheritance. | Genetics | 
| Who was the scientist that first started studying genetics? | Gregor Mendel | 
| This is a genetically inherited disease where your blood does not clot. | Hemophilia | 
| The genetic code is transmitted to offspring in discrete independent units called __________. | Genes | 
| Each cell in the human body with the exception of the sperm and egg cell, contains ________ chromosomes. | 46 | 
| Each sperm and egg cell contains _____ chromosomes. | 23 | 
| 23 chromosomes is called the ________ number. | haploid | 
| When the sperm unites with the egg at conception, a ________ with 46 chromosomes is formed. | zygote | 
| Are the 23 pairs of chromosomes nearly identical? | All of them are except for pair 23, the egg and sperm cells. | 
| Where is genetic information stored? | In the nucleus of the cell | 
| When scientists mapped the entire collection of genetic material in the nucleus it was called mapping the human ___________ | genome | 
| What is the principle of independent assortment? | It says that each sperm and each egg are likely to have a different set of 23 chromosomes  and this assures genetic variation (each brother and sister is differnt) | 
| In the 23 pairs, what is each gene called? | An autosome | 
| Dominant genes tend to override ___________ genes. | recessive | 
| What is a genotype? | It lists the genes of a specific trait  (AA aa Aa) | 
| The manner in which the genotype is expressed is called the ___________. | Phenotype | 
| Captial letters represent ___________ genes and lower case letters represent _________ genes. | Dominant, Recessive | 
| When both genes are the same it is called ______________. | Homozygous | 
| When both genes are different is called _________________. | Heterozygous | 
| When two different dominant genes occur together it is called ___________. | Codominance | 
| Which is the female chromosome? | x | 
| Which is the male chromosome? | Y | 
| A person with the genotype of xx would be _________. | female | 
| A person with a genotype of xy would be _________. | Male | 
| What genes are carried on the x chromosome? | clotting factors, colorblindness, female sex characteristics | 
| Nonsexual traits carried on the x chromosome are called _______________. | sex linked traits | 
| Why is color blindness more common in males? | Males only have one x so if they have the x for colorblindness they don't have another x to override it like females do.A | 
| A genetic _______________ is a change in the genetic code. | mutation | 
| What causes genetic mutations? | mutagens | 
| What is genetic predisposition? | It does not mean you will get the disease, but you are genetically more likely to get the disease. | 
| When three chromosomes occur in a pair it is called __________. | triosomy | 
| When there is only chromosome in a pair it is called _______________. | monosomy | 
| Any pathological condition present at birth is called _____________. | congenital | 
| Inheritance of mDNA occurs only through the _________. | mother | 
| What disease do scientist believe is caused by mDNA? | Parkinson's | 
| This is the most common genetic disorder in Caucasians. | Cystic Fibrosis | 
| In cystic fibrous the ___________ becomes thick. | mucous | 
| In phenylketonuria (PKU) the body fails to produce an enzyme to process an ______________. | amino acid called phenylalanine | 
| In PKU, phenylalanine accumulates in _________ tissue. | brain | 
| This is a genetic disease common among the Jewish population. | Tay-Sachs | 
| In Tay-Sachs disease ______________ accumulate in the brain. | lipids | 
| This is imperfect bone formation where bones may break with very little trauma. | Osteogenesis Imperfecta | 
| Multiple Neurofibromatosis is also called ___________ disease. | Elephant Man's Disease | 
| Elephant Man disease is when benign __________ on cells that surround nerve fibers. | tumors | 
| What is the most common chromosomal disorder. | Trisomy 21 | 
| Triosomy 21 is often called ___________ syndrome. | Down's | 
| This is when the genotype is XXY. | Klinefelter's Syndrome | 
| This is a genotype of XO. | Turner's syndrome | 
| Genes that may cause cancer are called _____________. | oncogenes | 
| What are tumor suppressor cells. | Cells that regulate cell division so it occurs normally. | 
| This is a chart that ilustrates genetic relationships in a family over several generations. | pedigree | 
| This is a grid used to determine the mathematical probability of inheriting genetic traits. | Punnet Square | 
| This is when a sample of cells is taken from the individual and then it is examined for chromosome abnormaliteis. | Karyotype | 
| In this technique dr.'s add genetically altered cells to teh body rather than change existing body cells. | Gene augumentation | 
| In this process Dr.'s try to change existing body cells. | Gene replacement therapy | 
| This is a method of automated machines reading a sequence of nucleotides to determine the genetic code. | electrophoresis |