| A | B |
|---|
| Volunteerism | Hoover's expectation that people, especially the wealthy, to come together and donate to help others to cope with the Depression |
| Business cycle | Name for periodic swings (up and down) in the economy |
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation | set up by Congress to provide emergency credit to banks, railroads and other large businesses |
| Trickle-down economics | economic theory that says money lent to banks and businesses will make its way to consumers |
| Hoover Dam | Large dam began during the Hoover administration and brought needed jobs to the southwest United States |
| Bonus Army | WWI veterans impacted by the Depression who had organized to get retirement bonuses early |
| Election of 1932 | First election after the 1929 stock market crash. FDR defeated Herbert Hoover |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) | Democrat from New York who became president in 1932 and began the New Deal to fix the Great Depression |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | Wife of FDR, she actively and aggressively supported the New Deal and reported to FDR about conditions around the country |
| New Deal | programs and legislation enacted by FDR during the Great Depression to promote economic recovery and social reform |
| Bank Holiday | FDR declared all banks closed so the federal government could investigate their health |
| “Brain Trust” | Informal group of intellectuals who helped devise New Deal politics |
| Fireside Chat | informal radio broadcasts in which FDR explained issues and New Deal programs |
| FDIC—Federal Depositor Insurance Corporation | Program to insure bank deposits in the event of a bank failure |
| SEC—Securities and Exchange Commission | Organization began to regulate the stock market |
| AAA—Agricultural Adjustment Act | Program sought to end overproduction and raise crop prices as well as to provide financial aid and subsidies to farmers |
| TVA—Tennessee Valley Authority | Program that built dams, created flood control, generated electric power, did soil conservation, and other areas of economic development in the Tennessee valley |
| CCC—Civilian Conservation Corps | Program that extended job opportunities to millions of young unmarried men |
| NRA—National Recovery Administration | Agency created to help businesses through the Depression |
| WPA—Works Progress Administration | Program to provide jobs to unemployed workers during the Great Depression |
| Charles Coughlin | Catholic priest whose radio broadcasts accused FDR of not doing enough to fix the Depression |
| Conservative | person who believes in the value of established and traditional practices in politics and society, and little government intervention |
| Liberal | believing that government should be active in supporting social and political change |
| Left-wing | the part of a political group that consists of people who support more liberal or socialist ideas and policies |
| Huey Long | Liberal politician from Louisiana that was critical of the New Deal and had an idea for a "share the wealth" program |
| Second New Deal | legislation begun by FDR in 1935 to solve problems of the Great Depression |
| WPA—Works Progress Administration | Federal program that provided jobs to unemployed workers during the Great Depression |
| John Maynard Keynes | British economist who supported deficit spending to end the Great Depression |
| Pump priming | Putting people to work on public projects so they then had money to buy goods thus stimulating the economy |
| Social Security Act | Legislation put in place to help retirees as well as the disabled |
| Wagner Act | Law that recognized the right of employees to join unions and gave workers the right to collective bargaining |
| Collective bargaining | process in which employers negotiate with labor unions instead of with each individual worker |
| Court packing | FDR's plan to add 6 new justices to the Supreme Court |
| Frances Perkins | Secretary of labor under FDR and the first female cabinet member |
| Black Cabinet | FDR's unofficial group of African American advisors |
| Mary McLeod Bethune | A member of the “Black Cabinet” and a special advisor to FDR on minority affairs—first black woman to head a federal agency |
| Welfare state | government that assumes responsibility for providing for the poor, elderly, sick, and unemployed |
| John Steinbeck | Author of the Grapes of Wrath |
| The Grapes of Wrath | Most popular novel of the 1930s, which followed the Joad family through their trials and tribulation during the Depression |
