| A | B |
|---|
| John Deere | Invented steel plow; it made tilling up the ground easier. |
| Eli Whitney | Invented the cotton gin; made it easier to remove the seeds from cotton |
| Cyrus McCormick | Invented the mechanical reaper; which made it easier to harvest wheat. |
| Samuel Morse | Invented the telegraph |
| Agricultural inventions | Allowed faster planting and harvesting of crops. These reduced labor costs and increased food supply. |
| Nativism movement | Policy of favoring people born in America over immigrants to hire for jobs. Started because immigrants were willing to accept lower wages. |
| Second Great Awakening | Stressed salvation was possible for everyone, the power of the individual, belief that individuals could change the bad parts of society. |
| Frederick Douglass | Abolitionist who published the newspaper, The North Star, in 1848 |
| Dorothea Dix | Women's reform leader who helped create public health treatments for mentally ill patients |
| Catherine Beecher | Women's reform leader who helped create elementary schools and mandatory education for all white male children. |
| Transcendentalism | A community reform movement that stressed the importance of examining a person's own thoughts, emotions, and imagination. |
| Harriet Tubman | The most famous leader of the Underground Railroad. |
| American Dream | The belief that every American can work hard and get what they want. |
| Sojourner Truth | An escaped slave, she won national attention by winning a court case for the freedom of her son. |
| Declaration of Sentiments | Document signed at the Seneca Falls Convention that demanded equal rights for women, including voting. |
| Lucretia Mott | A leader in the women's suffrage movement |
| Elizabeth Stanton | Led the temperance movement, which sought to ban the drinking of alcohol. |
| Nat Turner | Led a slave rebellion and killed 60 whites including his slave owner. |
| Manifest Destiny | The widely held belief that American settlers were destined to expand across the continent. |
| Louisiana Purchase | This deal doubled the size of the United States in 1803. |
| Strategies used by abolitionists | Newspapers, escape, court system, violence |
| Harsh working conditions of immigrants | Working over 40 hours a week, working 6 days a week, child labor, poor light and ventilation, lower wages than others doing the same job. |
| I.M. Singer | Invented the sewing machine |
| Charles Goodyear | Developed a process of vulcanizing rubber to make it stronger so it could be used to make tires |
