| A | B |
|---|
| homunculus | the theory that stated that a miniature human was found in the sperm |
| Gregor Mendel | the Father of Genetics |
| homozygous | an organism that has identical genes for a trait, ex. TT or tt |
| heterozygous | an organism that has different genes for a trait, ex. Tt |
| genotype | the genes present in an organism |
| phenotype | the expression of a gene(s) |
| alleles | genes that occupy corresponding position on homologous chromosomes |
| genetics | the study of inheritance |
| dominant allele | a gene that is expressed in the heterozygous state |
| recessive allele | a gene that is only expressed in the homozygous state |
| Segregation | Mendel's law that states that alleles separate during meiosis. |
| Independent Assortment | Mendel's law that states that different traits are inherited independently. |
| Dominance | Mendel's law that states that one gene may mask the effect of another gene. |
| monohybrid cross | a cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for one trait |
| dihybrid cross | a cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for two different traits |
| codominant alleles | alleles that are both expressed if they are both present, ex. AB blood type |
| incomplete dominance | one gene is not completely dominant over another gene, ex. pink snapdragons |
| multiple alleles | more than two different alleles present in the gene pool, ex. blood type |
| epistasis | dominant genes in two different pairs of alleles are required for a trait to occur |
| polygenic inheritance | two or more pairs of alleles contribute to a trait, ex. skin color |
| pleiotropy | a gene affects more than one trait, ex. Marfan's syndrome |
| karyotype | a picture of the chromosomes |
| sex-linked or X-linked genes | genes that are found on the X chromosome |
