| A | B |
|---|
| Mithraism | a religion on Mithras, emphasized discipline and loyalty |
| Stoics | belief of the world as a rational well ordered and coherent system |
| cicero | one of the most important roman orators |
| Barbarian | those who spoke unknown foreign languages and were considered inferior |
| Celts | roman neighbors of central Europe |
| Goths | germanic people of northern europe |
| Huns | the steppe people who invaded europe |
| Alaric | visigoth, invaded Italy in 401 |
| Attila | the huns' most powerful leader (434-453 CE) |
| Odoacer | the first barbarian king of Italy (476-493) |
| Byzantine Empire | seen as separate from the Roman empire gov't based on one from constantinople |
| Constantinople | the eastern capitol of rome |
| Justinian | Byzantine Emperor (527-565) |
| Justinian Code | The collective civil law |
| Hagia Sophia | Where the "Holy Church of Wisdom" is dedicated by Justinian |
| Marius | general, recruited not only those who had land, but those who were in debt to him too. elected consul 6 times |
| Sulla | Roman, but rallied soldiers loyal to him to fight Marius, dictator for two years |
| Imperial | that of a land witha dictator/emperor/king |
| Monarchy | rule by one |
| Patricians | the high class peopel of rome |
| plebeians | the poorer peopel of rome |
| Struggle of the Orders (aventine Hill) | the conflict between the plebs and the patriciens(Aventine Hill is where the plebs would retreat to) |
| Twelve Tables | The roman law put together by the patricians |
| Patron-client relationship | "stron men acting as protectors of the weak, the wak, in trn, provided services for the strong (as requested)" |
| "one man woman" | a faithful woman, a woman that did not cheat but lived "within these guidelines of family, motherhood, and domesticity" |
| Tiberius Gracchus | proposed(133 BCE) distributing some public lands amoung the poor (especially soldiers) he was killed by the clubbing of senators |
| Gaius Gracchus | (123 BCE) Gaius elected tribune, established colonies for the resettlement of some of the poor people of rome. not as sensative as his bro tho (tax farmers=rich, those being taxed=poor) |
| "Bread and circus" | used to quiet the unemployment probs of plebs. plebs bribed w/free bread go to arenas and witness races, festivities , theater, gladiators etc |
| Great Slave War | when slaves resorted to armed resistance (134-131 BCE) |
| Sparticus | lead a group of gladiators (73-71 BCE) |
| "Social War" | after Marcus Libius Drusus the Younger proposed that all italian allies offered full citizenship and voting rights, senate rejected. Drasus assasinated and italitans attack. |
| jus gentium | internal law/law of nations |
| Mediterranean | literallyt he middle of the earth. te waters surrounding the italian peninsula |
| Pax Romana | The Roman Peace, peave +tranquility throughout all of the roman land |
| Etruscans | neighboring country, helped influence rome |
| Comita centuriata | after Marcus Libius Drusus the Younger proposed that all italian allies offered full citizenship and voting rights, senate rejected. Drasus assasinated and italitans attack. |
| republic | "public property, not owned by a king |
| centuries | groups of one hundred |
| consuls | people who held the most power in rome, two consuls at one time (check and balence |
| carthage | a wealthy trading post across from rome of which rome wanted to contorl |
| Punic Wars | wars fought over the control of carthage |
| Hannibal | the crafty carthaginian leader |
| Scipio | roman leader, beat hannibal |
| third punic war | the third and last of the punic was, where rome won |
| Gaul | modern France, made up of the Gallic and Celtic people |
| Capitoline wolf | a statue of a wolf and the two founders of rome (Romulus and Remus)being fed by her |
| Huns | barbaric civilization |
| Julius Caesar | the roman commander in northern italy and southern gaul |
| Mark Anthony | rose to power after the death of julius caesar |
| pompey | the great general pompey, captured many cities. once consul, killed by octavian |
| Augustus (Octavian) | defeated Mark Antony, adopted son of Julius Caesar |
| Britain | england and wales, combined when conquered by Rome |
| Hadrian | Trojans successor, perminantly withdrew forces from Mesopotamia and built a wall over the empire |
| Aristocracy | Rule by the best, most influential peopel tule |
| Democracy | rule by the people, the people of the state rule |
| Oligarchy | rule by the few (a few chosen people ruled?) |
| Timocracy | Rule by the wealthy, the richest people are the rulers |
| Tyranny | Rule by a Tyrant, a dictatorship |
