| A | B |
|---|
| abolitionist | people against slavery |
| reconstruction | time after Civil War when the North helped rebuild the South |
| president | 4 year term |
| legislative branch | make laws and tax people |
| veto | president saying no to a bill |
| house of representatives | each states representatives base on the population |
| indentured servants | people who were slaves for 7 years and then freed |
| plantations | large farms in the South that used lots of slaves |
| union | North during Civil WAr |
| Confederacy | South during Civil WAr |
| impeach | accuse president of doing something wrong; done by congress |
| power to tax and coin money | legislative branch |
| commander and chief | president |
| almanac | a book of facts about lots of different topics |
| atlas | book of maps |
| glossary | section that gives meanings of words |
| bibliography | who wrote it, when written, where written |
| fugitive slave laws | slaves who escaped to the North had to be returned to the South if found or else the people finding them would be put in jail |
| Battle of Antietam | bloodiest battle in U.S. history and happened during Civil War |
| Jefferson DAvis | President of the Confederacy |
| Frederick Douglas | Ex-slave/Abolitionist who spoke out against slavery |
| Robert E. Lee | general in the Civil War for the South |
| Ulysses Grant | General for the North |
| Emancipation Proclamation | freed slaves |
| Seneca Falls Convention | women's rights movement |
| Civil Rights Movement | Equal rights for African Americans |
| Roaring 20's | time of dancing, drinking, and spending lots of money |
| Cold War | 30 year war over the threat to use nuclear weapons |
| Holocaust | the extermination of 6 million Jews by Nazis |
| December 7th, 1941 | Pearl Harbor |
| Hiroshima | first atomic bomb used |
| Great Depression | started with the stock market crash in 1929 |
| Industrial Revolution | migration of farmers to cities looking for jobs in factories |
| supply | how much you have of something |
| demand | how much it is wanted |
| World War 1 | known as the Great War: U.S didn't get involve till near the end when a u-boat sunk the Lusitania |
| primary sources | actual there - could be people or pictures or diaries |
| secondary sources | weren't actually there like textbooks and encyclopedias |
| encyclopedia | use when looking for lots of information on a particular topic |
| dictionary | word meaning, pronunciation, whether it is a verb, noun, or adjective |
| physical map | related to the geography an area |
| political map | tells you cities, states, capitals, etc. |
| producing | making |
| consuming | buying and using |
| physical features | geography (mountains, rivers, lakes, forests) |
| natural resources | wood, coal, fossil fuels, water, fish, animals |
| nationalism | honoring and promoting one's own nation above all others |
| militarism | glorifying war and preparing armed forces for conflict |
| imperialism | creating an empire by dominating other nations through colonization |
| New Deal | FDR's plan for ending the Great Depression |
| emancipation proclamation | famous speech by lincoln setting slaves free |
| migration | farmers moving to the cities during the industrial revolution |
| immigration | moving from one country to another |
| import | bringing goods into the country |
| export | sending goods out of the country |
| tariff | tax on imported goods |
| 15th amemdment | right to vote |
| 13th amendment | got rid of slavery |
| 14th amendment | all citizens should be treated equal |
| 18th amendment | make alcohol illegal |
| 21st amendment | repeal 18th amendment |
| overide veto | 2/3rds vote in congress |
| judicial review | power of judicial branch to say something is unconstitutional |
| Bill of Rights | Protects individual rights against a bad government |
| physical features | rivers, mountains, valleys, forests, etc. |
| human features | things put on the earth by humans such as buildings and bridges |
| just cause | have to a reason for searching someone's stuff |
| 1st amendment | freedom of speech, press, religion, and assembly |
| cruel and unusual punishment | the punishment must fit the crime; protects against punishments that are too harsh |
| double jeopardy | you can't be tried for the same crime twice |
| defendants | can't be forced to testify against themselves |
| ring of fire | ring of volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean created by plate tectonics |
| Pangea | The belief that the earth was original one large continent that eventually broke apart into the continents we see today |
| convergent plates | plates moving together to create mountains and volcanoes |
| divergent plates | plates moving apart which allow magma out; this created the Mid Atlantic Ridge |
| tranforming plates | plates that rub against each other creating earthquakes |
| fault | an area where to plates meet |
| plate tectonics | the belief that the earth as we know is a bunch of plates that are floating on the mantle (magma) |
| Mid Atlantic Ridge | world's longest mountain chain which is underwater in the Atlantic Ocean |
| erosion | the movement of rock and dirt by wind, water, and glaciers |
| weathering | the break down of rock and dirt into smaller pieces by wind, water, humans, plant roots, heat and cold, chemicals which allows erosion to occur |
| deposition | when water, wind, etc. slow down enough that the eroded material they are carrying is dropped; usually happens in places where the water, wind, etc. slow down |
| 1st thing you do in an experiment | come up with a question you need answered |
| metaphor | a comparison between two things that doesn't use like or as |
| simile | a comparison that does use like or as |
| hyperbole | an exageration that is funny |
| each | multiply or divide |
| sum | add |
| total, together, all | add |
| product | multiply |
| quotient | divide |
| equal or same | divide |
| th or rd | divide |
| more, difference, spent, lost | subtract |
| prime | only one way to get the number 7X1=7 |
| composite | more than one way to get the number 2X3=6 and 6X1=6 |
| heart | organ of circulatory system |
| lungs | organ of respiratory system |
| cell respiration | oxygen plus food changing to energy |
| chemical reaction | changes color, gives off heat, gives off light, irreversible, makes something totally new |
| physical reaction | may look different, but can be reversed. Examples include boiling, evaporating, freezing, bending, smooshing, etc. |
| indicator | something used to determine if something is an acid or base |
| vessels | arteries, veins, and capillaries |
| platelets | cells that cause blood to scab |
| plasma | liquid part of blood |
| red blood cells | carry oxygen |
| white blood cells | fight germs |
| aveoli sacs | sponges that suck up oxygen in the respiratory system |
| chime | food that is in a liquid state and ready to go to small intestine |
| acids | sour taste |
| cilia | hair-like things in respiratory system that collect dirt and dust |
| capillaries | the doors that let oxygen in, carbondioxide out, and food into the body |
| carbon dioxide | waste created by cellular respiration |
| oxygen | element we need to change food into energy |
| arteries | carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart |
| trachea | windpipe |
| inference | invisible fact |
| drawing conclusions | feelings about how something should turn out |
| generalization | a stereotype; saying something about a whole group of people |
| sequence | putting in order |
| main idea | should be present in every paragraph; also related to the title |
| antonym | the opposite of something |
| synonym | the same as something else |
| equivalent | equal to; usually can tell this by multiplying or dividing the top and bottom by the same number |
| centi | 100 |
| milli | 1000 |
| deci | 10 |
| decade | 10 |
| century | 100 |
| kilometer | almost half a mile; used to measure things really big |
| liter | measure liquids |
| grams | measure mass |
| predicate | verb in the sentence and usually comes right after first noun |
| subject | first noun in the sentence |
| object | the first noun after the verb |
| subject pronoun | I,he, she, it, we, they |
| Oject pronoun | me, him, her, them, us |
| Possessive pronoun | ours, theirs, mine, my, his, hers |
| interrogative sentence | asks a question |
| imperative | command of request |
| exclamatory | excited and has an exclamation point at the end of it |
| declarative | statement about something |
| octagon | 8 |
| hexagon | 6 |
| pentagon | 5 |
| quadrilateral | 4 |
| solute | powder in a solution |
| solvent | liquid in a solution |
| mixture | two or more things put together |
| physical change | boiling, freezing, evaporating, and dissolving |
| *personification | making things that aren't human act like humans. EX. Having your dog wear a coat. |
| *alliteration | use of the same sounds at the beginning of groups of words. Ex. Round the rugged rock the ragged rascal ran" and "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers." |
| *contrast | show differences between things |
| *transition words | next, after, before, then, lastly, finally |
| *table of contents | tells what each part of a story or book are about |
| *index | used to find a page number for a word or idea in the story |
| *guide words | words at the top of each page of a dictionary that tell you what words would be found on that page. EX. BART to BEAR |
| *conjunction | words that connect other words together like and, or, nor, but, neither, either |
| *adverb | a word usually ending in "ly" that answers the question "how" about a verb Ex. run - how did you run? quickly |
| *interjection | usually expresses emotion on the part of the speaker and tends to look like it doesn't fit in the sentence. It is an extra that was added. EX. sorry, wow, ugh, wow, ouch, scat, alas, sorry, and eureka |
| *modifiers | adjectives and adverbs that describe nouns or verbs |
| *fragments | are sentences that you read and it seems that you didn't get the entire picture. They are usually missing the end or the beginning of it. |
| *runons | sentences that connect ideas with lots of "ands" or the sentences seem way to long |
| *facts | things that can be proved. Everyone would agree that they are right. |
| *opinions | would not get agreement from everyone; usually has words like "think, probably, maybe, best, worst" in it |
| *compound sentences | two sentences connect by "and, or, nor, neither" or by a comma or semicolon - each sentence must be able to make sense by itself to be a compound sentence. |
| *compound subject | two or more subjects connect by commas and conjunctions Ex. The boys and girls |
| *compound predicate | Two or more verbs connected by commas or conjunctions Ex. we walked and talked |
| #potential energy | things could move but haven't yet |
| #kinetic energy | things are actually moving |
| #density | how much stuff is inside of it; the denser something is the quicker it will sink |
| #pH scale | measures the strenght of an acid or base; 1-6 is an acid; 8-14 is a base; a 1 would be the strongest acid and a 6 the weakest; 7 is water which is neutral |
| #indicator | what we use to test to see if something is an acid or base |
| #physical change | freezing,boiling,evaporating,cutting, smooshing, breaking, etc.; anything that may make it look a little different but still is the same thing |
| #atom | the smallest building blocks of matter |
| #element | something made of only one type of atom |
| #compound | 2 or more elements chemically combined |
| #parts of an atom | electrons, protons, and nucleus |
| #electrons | negative charge and are located on rings or clouds around nucleus |
| #nucleus | the brain of an atom; the center where protons and neutrons are |
| #protons | positive charge (+) |
| #dams and contour plowing | help keep water from eroding the soil |
| #circulatory | transports things |
| #respiratory | exchanging of gases to and from body |
| #skeletal | provides support and movement |
| #nervous | controls what we do |
| symmetry | can split things in half and fold them over; usually the same as the number of angles if sides are all equal |
| congruent | same size and shape |
| similar | same shape |
| commutative property of addition | 2+3=3+2 |
| Associative property of addition | 3 + (4 + 5) = 4 + (5 + 3) |
| property of zero | anything times zero equals zero |
| property of one | anything times one equals that number 5 X 1 = 5 |
| inertia | things at rest stay at rest and things in motion stay in motion; effected by size and speed |
