| A | B |
|---|
| Bartholome` de Las Casas | a Spanish priest who tried to stop the enslavement of Native Americans |
| Spanish borderlands and buffer zones | areas in New Spain set up to protect the settlements from attacks |
| The year New Spain was formed | 1535 |
| the capital city of New Spain | Mexico City |
| New Spain | lands claimed by Spanish explorers north of the Isthmus of Panama and many of the islands in the Caribbean Sea |
| reasons Native American died in the settlements of New Spain | overwork, hunger, and disease |
| reason the Spanish began to come to New Spain | to seek gold, silver, and other treasures |
| reasons the Spanish enslaved Native Americans and Africans | to force them to do work in the gold and silver mines, and on the farms |
| King Charles I | the Spanish king who passes laws to stop the enslavement of Native Americans |
| presidios | forts build to protect lands in New Spain |
| goods traded between the Native Americans and the Spanish | corn, pottery, and tools in exchange for horses and sheep |
| missions | places where the Catholic religion was taught to the Native Americans |
| missionaries | priests who taught religion in order to convert the Native Americans to the Catholic religion |
| Giovanni de Verrazano | an Italian explorer who was sent by the king of France to find the Northwest Passage in 1524 |
| Jacques Cartier | a French explorer who was sent from France to find gold and the Northwest Passage in 1534 |
| Henry Hudson | an English sea captain who searched for the Northwest Passage, but was set adrift in a boat in the Hudson Bay, when his crew mutinied against him |
| Canada | the area where the French began to claim land and build settlements |
| Quebec | the first permanent French settlement in North America |
| St. Augustine | the first permanent Spanish settlement on the North American continent |
| Samuel de Champlain | a French explorer from France who explored eastern Canada and built the first permanent settlement called Quebec |
