| A | B |
|---|
| antheridium | in plants, algae, and fungi a reproductive structure that produces gametes by mitosis |
| archegonium | in seedless plants, a reproductive structure that produces a single egg by mitosis |
| heterospory | a phenomenon in which two types of spores are produced by an individual plant |
| homospory | a phenomenon in which all spores look alike and produce similar gametophytes |
| integument | in plants, one or two outer layers of the ovule; in animals, the outer covering |
| megagametophyte | female gametophyte |
| megasporangium | structure that produces megaspores |
| megaspore | a spore produced by meiosis in a megasporangium |
| microgametophyte | male gametophyte |
| microphyle | small opening in the integument |
| microsporangium | structure that produces microspores |
| microspore | a spore produced by meiosis in a microsporangium |
| ovule | the megasporangium of a flowering plant |
| pollen grain | the microgametophyte of seed plants |
| pollen tube | a structurethat grows from a pollen grain, down which the sperm travels to the eggs |
| sorus | a cluster of sporangia in ferns |
| anther | the microsporangium of an angiosperm in which pollen grains are produced |
| carpel | female reproductive structures |
| double fertilization | in plants, the process in which two types of cell fusion take place in the embryo sac |
| embryo sac | in plants, a megagmetophyte containing seven cells and eight nuclei |
| filament | in flowers, the structure that supports the anther |
| generative cell | in a pollen grain, the cell that forms two sperm |
| megaspore mother cell | a diploid cell in the ovule that undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid megaspores |
| microspore mother cell | diploid cell in the pollen sac that undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid microspores |
| nectar | a nourishing solution of sugars |
| ovary | an egg-producing gonad of a female |
| petal | one of the leaf-shaped parts of the corolla of a flower, usually brightly colored and conspicuous |
| pistil | a plant structure formed of fused carpels |
| polar nuclei | in plants, a nucleus that migrates to the center of the cell during embryo-sac formation |
| receptacle | swollen tip of a floral "branch" |
| sepal | a modified leaf that protects a young flower |
| stamen | the in the flower of plants that produces pollen |
| stigma | an expanded apex of a pistil, supported by the style; the part of the pistil that receives pollen |
| style | in plants, a stalklike structure of the ovary |
| tube cell | the cell of a pollen grain that contains the tube nucleus |
| clone | a offspring produced by asexual production |
| cutting | pieces of stems and roots that are cut from a plant and used to grow new plants |
| dormancy | a state of decreased metabolism |
| epicotyl | stem above the cotyledons |
| grafting | a technique in which a portion of one plant is inserted into and grows with the root or shoot of another |
| hilum | a scar along the edge of a plant seed marking where the seed was attached to the ovary wall |
| hypocotyl | a stemlike area in plants between the cotyledons and radicle |
| layering | the process of causing roots to form on a stem |
| plumule | in plants, the structure composed of the epicotyl plus any embryonic leaves |
| radicle | in plants, the embryonic root |
| seed coat | the protective structure of a plant seed |
| tissue culture | the growing of living cells in a controlled medium |
| vegetative propagation | asexual reproduction in plants |
| vegetative reproduction | reproduction with usually nonreproductive parts, such as leaves, stems, or roots |
