| A | B |
|---|
| apical meristem | The growing region at the tips of stems and roots in plants |
| collenchyma | Plant tissue made up of elongated cells with unevenly thick-ened flexiable walls |
| companion cell | a specialized plant cell that helps control the movement of sugars throught sieve tubes |
| cork | dead cells the provide protection and prevent water loss |
| cork cambium | the lateral meristem of plant |
| cuticle | In plants and insects a waxy covering that prevents desiccation. |
| dermal tissue system | one type of plant tissue system which forms the outer covering of plants |
| epidermis | A layer of cells that forms a continous sheet over the outer surface of a plant or animal |
| ground tissue system | one type of plant-tissue made up ot parenchyma collenchyma and sclerenchyma |
| intercalary meristem | A region of plant tissue that allow grass leaves to quickly regrow |
| lateral meristem | in plants a growing region that increases the diameter of roots and stems |
| meristem | The growing region in plants |
| parenchyma | in plants the living tissue of the fround system consisting of cells with thin cell walls |
| pit | thin porous areas of the cell wall |
| primary growth | The tissue produced by apical meristems in plants |
| sclerenchyma | The tissue of the ground system that supports and strengthens the plant |
| secondary growth | The tissue produced by lateral meristems of plants |
| sieve plate | a region at the end of a sieve tube member throught which compounds move from cell to cell |
| sieve tube | structure formed by stacked sieve tube members |
| sieve tube member | The conducting cell of angiosperm phloem |
| tracheid | A long thick wall with tapering ends forming part of the xylem tissue of plants |
| vascular cambium | The lateral meristem in a plant that produces additional vascular tissue |
| vascular tissue system | The system that includes the xylem and phloem tissues of plants |
| vessel | in plants a structure formed by stacked vessel elements |
| vessel element | an elongated, water conducting plant cell wall with slanting ends and holes throught which water can pass |
| adventitious root | specialized roots that grow from stems and leaves |
| cortex | inplants a mature ground tissue located just inside the epidermis |
| endodermis | in plants a specilized layer of cells that regulates substances entering the center of the root |
| fibrous root system | a mat of threadlike roots that spread out below the surface of the soil to maximize exposure to water and minerals and to anchor the plant firmly to the soil |
| macronutrients | an element used by plant cells in relatively large amounts |
| micronutrients | an element used by plants in a relatively small amounts |
| pericycle | the outermost cylinder of cells in the sentral vascular area |
| root cap | a shield covering the apical meristem |
| root hair | an extension of the epidermal cells |
| taproot | the organ that results when the primary root grows downward and becomes the largest root |
| annual ring | a yearly growth ring in a woody plant |
| bark | the protective outside covering of woody plants |
| bud | a structure that develops on the stem at the point of attachment of each leaf |
| bud scale | a modified leaf that forms a protective covering for a bud until it opens |
| cohesion-tension theory | states the water is able to move up the stem xylem due to the strong attraction of water molecules to each other |
| heartwood | a darker wood in the center of the tree |
| internode | on of the different segments of stem |
| node | the end of the internode where one or more leaves is attached |
| pith | the plant tissue located in the center of the stem |
| pressure-flow hypothesis | an explatnation of the movement of sugars in the phloem of plants |
| sapwood | lightcolored wood near the outside of the tree trunk active in transporting sap |
| sink | the place where a plant stores or uses surgars |
| source | the place where surgars are made in a plant |
| springwood | when water is plentiful the vascular cambium forms new xylem tissue with cells that are wide and thin walled |
| summerwood | secondary xylem cells that are small and thick walled and that are produced in hot dry summers |
| translocation | a mutation in which a broken piece of chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome movement of organic molecules in plant tissues |
| transpiration | the evaporation of water throught stomata |
| wood | secondary xylem |
