| A | B |
|---|
| dominant | masks the expression of the recessive trait |
| F1 generation | offspring of the P or parental generation |
| F2 generation | offspring from the self-pollination of the F1 generation |
| genetics | the study of inheritance |
| punnett square | visual representation of a genetic cross that helps predict the expected ratios in the offspring, first described by Reginald C. Punnett in the early 20th century |
| recessive | expression is masked by the dominant factor (allele) |
| codominance | a pattern of inheritance where both alleles are equally expressed |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of a cell or organism, defined by certain alleles for a particular trait |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles for a particular trait |
| homozygous | having identical alleles for a particular trait |
| phenoytpe | the physical appearance that is a result of the genotype |
| polygenic inheritance | a pattern of inheritance where the trait is controlled by many genes and each dominant allele has an additive effect |
| autosomes | the chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes |
| pedigree | a chart which shows the inheritance of a trait over several generations |
| sex-linked inheritance | the inheritance of traits that are located on genes on the sex chromosomes |
| sex-linked trait | a trait the is due to a gene located on a sex chromosome, usually the X-chromosome |
| cloning | creating an identical copy of a gene, or an individual with the same genes |
| gene therapy | the insertion of genes into a person's cells to cure a genetic disorder |
| Human Genome project | international effort to sequence all the base pairs in human DNA; completed in 2003 |
| plasmid | small circular piece of DNA; found in prokaryotic cells |
| recombinant DNA | DNA formed by the combinantion of DNA from two different sources, such as placing a human gene into a bacterial plasmid |
| somatic cell | a body cell; not a gamete |
| transformation | the process by which bacteria pick up foreign DNA and incorporate it in their genome |
| vector | an organism that carries pathogens from one person or animal to another |
