| A | B |
|---|
| cytoplasm | fluid portion of the cell outside the nucleus |
| organelles | structures in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that act like specialized organs |
| nucleus | structure that contains nearly all the cell's DNA |
| nucleus | structure with two membranes that contains coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules |
| nuclear envelope | structure surrounding the nucleus |
| chromosomes | structures in the nucleus that carry the cell's genetic information |
| chromatin | a complex of DNA and protein |
| nucleolus | dense region in the nucleus where ribosome assembly begins |
| vacuoles | large, membrane-enclosed structures that hold water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates |
| vesicles | structures that store and move materials between organelles |
| lysosomes | small organelles filled with enzymes that break down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins and dead organelles into smaller molecules |
| cytoskeleton | protein filaments that give cells shape and internal organization and mobility (if applicable) |
| microfilaments | thread-like structure made of actin that provide support for the cell and helps it move |
| microtubules | hollow tube-like structures made of tubulins that help maintain a cell's shape and are important in mitosis |
| centrioles | structures that help organize cell division and are not found in plant cells |
| microtubules | protein structures that are used in making cilia and flagella |
| ribosomes | structures that make proteins by following coded instructions from DNA |
| endoplasmic reticulum | organelle where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | portion of the ER involved in the synthesis of proteins (covered in ribosomes) |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | portion of the ER with no ribosomes; involved in making membrane lipids and breaking down drugs |
| golgi apparatus | stack of flattened membranes that modify, sort and package proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage or release |
| chloroplasts | structures that capture energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis |
| mitochondria | organelles that power the cell by converting chemical energy into compounds that are easier for the cell to use; they contain two membranes |
| cell wall | strong supporting/protecting layer outside a cell membrane (found in plant cells and prokaryotes) |
| lipid bilayer | double-layer of lipids that gives cell membranes a flexible structure and forms a strong barrier between the cell and its surroundings |
| hydrophilic | the lipids in cell membranes have a ____ head (hint: water-loving) |
| hydrophobic | the lipids in cell membranes have a ____ tail (hint: repels water) |
| fluid mosaic model | model that portrays cell membranes as being a mosaic of lipid and protein |
| selective permeability | the idea that some substances can pass through a cell membrane while others cannot |
