| A | B |
|---|
| pathophysiology | study of functional or physiological changes in the body that result from disease processes |
| pathology | laboratory study of cell and tissue changes associated with disease |
| disease | deviation from the normal state of health or from a state fo wellness |
| homeostasis | relatively constant or stable internal environment |
| double blind | studies in which the research subject and the person administering the treatment do not know if the subject is receiving a standard, proven therapy or the therapy being tested |
| microscopic | visible only when magnified by lenses in a microscope; cellular level |
| biopsy | removal of a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination to determine a diagnosis |
| autopsy/ postmortem exam | examination of part or all of a body, including organs, after death to determine the COD |
| diagnosis | identification of a specific disease thru evaluation of signs and symptoms, lab tests, etc |
| idiopathic | cause of disease is unknown |
| iatrogenic | disease caused by treatment, procedure, or error |
| predisposing factors | tendencies that promote development of a disease in an individual |
| prevention | measures used to prevent a disease |
| pathogenesis | refers to the development of the disease or the sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to a disease process |
| acute onset | disease appears suddenly |
| acute disease | indicates a short-term illness that develops quickly |
| chronic disease | disease develops gradually |
| subclinical | exists in some conditions in which pathologic changes occur, but no obvious manifestations are exhibited |
| latent | silent stage of disease in which no clinical signs are evident |
| incubation period | time between exposure to microorganism and onset of signs and symptoms |
| prodromal period | time in the early development of a disease when one is aware of a change in the body, but the signs and symptoms are nonspecific |
| manifestations | clinical evidence or effects, the signs and symptoms, of disease |
| signs | objective indicators of disease that are obvious to someone other than the client |
| symptoms | subjective feelings such as pain or nausea |
| lesion | term used to describe a specific local change in the tissue |
| insidious onset | gradual progression of disease with only vague or very mild signs |
| syndrome | collection of signs and symptoms often affecting more than one organ, that occur together in response to a certain condition |
| diagnostic tests | laboratory tests that assist in the diagnosis of a specific disease |
| remission | marks the course of a disease in which manifestations subside |
| exacerbation | manifestations of disease increase |
| precipitating factor | condition that triggers an acute episode, such as seizure |
| complications | new secondary or additional problems that arise after the original disease begins |
| therapy/ therapeutic interventions | treatment measures used to promote recovery of slow the progression of a disease |
| sequelae | potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition |
| convalescence/ rehabilitation | period of recovery and return to normal healthy state |
| prognosis | probability or likelihood for recovery of other outcomes |
| mordidity | indicates disease rates within a group |
| mortality | figures indicate the relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease |
| epidemiology | science tracking the pattern or occurrence of disease |
| etiology | refers to causative factors in a particular disease |
| epidemic | higher than expected number of cases of an infectious disease within a given area |
| pandemic | high numbers of cases of disease in many regions of the globe |
| occurrence: incidence | indicates the number of new cases in a given population noted within a given time period |
| occurrence: prevalence | number of new and old or existing cases within a specific population and time period |
| communicable diseases | infections that can be spread from one person to another |
| notifiable/ reportable | diseases that must be reported by the physician to certain designated authorities |
| atrophy | decrease in the size of cells resulting in a reduced tissue mass |
| hypertrophy | increase in size of cells resulting in an enlarged tissue |
| hyperplasia | increased number of cells resulting in an enlarged tissue mass |
| metaplasia | one mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type |
| dysplasia | term applied to tissue in which the cells vary in size and shape, large nuclei are present, rate of mitosis is increased |
| anaplasia | cells that are undifferentiated with variable nuclear and cell structures and numerous mitotic figures |
| neoplasm | “new growth”, commonly called a tumor; may be malignant or benign |
| apoptosis | refers to programmed cell death; a normal cell occurrence in the body |
| ischemia | deficit of oxygen in the cells;decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a tissue or organ |
| hypoxia | reduced oxygen in the tissue |
| anaerobic | metabolism occurs in the absence of oxygen |
| exogenous | outside the body |
| endogenous | inside the body |
| microorganisms | very small living organism, not visible to naked eye, usually single-celled |
| morphologic | physical size, form, structure, and shape of cells or organs |
| lysis | destruction of a cell |
| gangrene | area of necrotic tissue that has been invaded by bacteria |
| inflammation | response to tissue damage, indicated by redness, swelling, warmth, and pain |
| necrosis | death or destruction of tissue or cells |
| liquefaction necrosis | process when dead cells liquefy under the influence of certain enzymes |
| coagulative necrosis | occurs when cell proteins are altered or denatured |
| fat necrosis | occurs when fatty tissue broken down in presence of infection or other enzymes |
| caseous necrosis | form of coagulation necrosis in which a thick yellow cheesy substance forms |
| infarction | term applied to an area of dead cells resulting from lack of oxygen |
