| A | B |
|---|
| Cell Cycle | The regular sequence of growth and division that a cell undergoes |
| Interphase | The first stage of the cell cycle, before cell division occurs |
| Replication | the process of making a copy of DNA in the nucleus |
| Mitosis | The second stage of the cell cycle, where the cell's nucleus divides |
| Chromosome | A doubled rod of chromatin;contains DNA which carries genetic information |
| Chromatid | Each identical rod or strand of the chromosome |
| Cytokinesis | The final stage of the cell cycle, where two new daughter cells are formed |
| Heredity | the passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| Traits | physical characteristics passed on through genes |
| Purebred | (Homozygous) always produces offspring with the same form of the trait |
| Genes | The factors that controll traits |
| Alleles | The different forms of a gene |
| Dominant alleles | One whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
| Recessive alleles | This allele is masked or covered whenever a dominant is present |
| Hybrids | Organisms that have two different alleles for the trait |
| Probability | The likelihood that a particular event will occur |
| Phenotype | An organism's physical appearance |
| Genotype | An organism's genetic makeup |
| Homozygous | An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait |
| Heterozygous | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait |
| Codominance | An inheritance pattern in which the alleles are neither dominant nor recessive |
| Meiosis | The process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells |
| Messanger RNA | Copies the coded DNA, and sends it to the cytoplasm |
| Transfer RNA | Carries the amino acids and adds them to the growing protein |
| DNA is shaped like | a spiral staircase |
| Adenine always pairs with | thymine |
| Each rung of the DNA ladder is made up of | a pair of nitrogen bases |
| The correct order of Mitosis is... | interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| Each sex cell contributes | half the total number of chromosomes |
| mutation | any change in a gene or chromosome |
| Which nitrogen base is part of RNA and not DNA | uracil |
| multiple alleles | three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait |
| females have the chromosomes | XX |
| pedigree | a chart that tracks which memebers of a family have a particular trait |
| mutations | cause most genetic disorders |
| human genome project | a project to identify the DNA sequence of every gene in the human genome |
| hybridization | crossing genetically different individuals in an attemt to keep the best of both parents |
| carrier | a person who has one dominant and one recessive allel for a trait |
| Chromosome theory of inheritance | genes are carried from parents to their offspring on chromosomes |
| The order of nitrogen bases along a gene determine | how amino acids are put together to form a protein |
| What factors effect a person's height? | The environment and genes |
| Inbreeding | a form of selective breeding which crosses parents with the same or similar sets of alleles |
| When sex cells combine, each contributes... | half the normal number of chromosomes |
| Which genetic disorder is caused by an extra chromosome 21? | Down syndrome |
| Why are sex-linked traits more common in males? | Males have only one X chromosome |
| Genetic engineering | genes from one organism are transferred to the DNA of another |
| Selective breeding | selecting a few organisms with desired traits to act as parents |
| A harmful mutation | reduces the ability to survive and reproduce |
| A genetic disorder that affects blood | Sickle-Cell |
| Human body cells have how many chromosomes? | 46 |
| In mitosis, if I start with one cell, I end with | two daughter cells |
| In meiosis, if I start with one cell, I end with | four sex cells |
| karyotype | a picture of the chromosomes in a cell |
| Where in the cell is the DNA located | the nucleus |
| genetic disorder which causes abnormally thick mucus in the lungs and intestines | cystic fibrosis |
| father of genetics - studied the heredity of pea plants | Gregor Mendel |
| Genes are located on | chromosomes |
| the study of heredity | genetics |
| What is the genetic code | the order of nitrogen bases along a gene |
| amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
| cloned organisms are | genetically identical |
| What do genetic councelors do? | study karyotypes and pedigrees to predicts genetic disorders |
| Which American geneticist believed that chromosomes were the key to heredity | Walter Sutton |
| genome | all the DNA in one cell of an organism |
| pedigree chart | a chart that traces genetic traits through several generations |
| RNA's shape is | one side of a ladder (half of DNA) |
| multiple alleles | three or more forms of a gene that code for a particular trait |
| a genetic disorder in which a person's blood clots slowly or not at all | hemophilia |
