| A | B |
|---|
| How does the Agricultural Revolution affect how food is produced? | changes in farming practices increase the supply of food making it less expensive |
| How does the Industrial Revolution affect how goods are produced? | it created a system of mass production that allowed factories to produce goods quickly at lower cost |
| How does the Industrial Revolution impact textile production and affordable clothing? | textile production created a demand for more workers and clothes could be made quickly and cheaply making it more affordable |
| Why was Great Britain the first to industrialize? | They had water power and coal to fuel machines, iron ore to build machines and tools, rivers for transportation, harbors for merchant ships to dock |
| Why would a businessman buy better machinery during the Industrial Rev.? | Business owners were given loans and encouraged to purchase new machinery to expand their operations |
| What are the 3 factors of production necessary to start a business? | land, labor, and capital (wealth) |
| What were the negative effects of the Industrial Revolution? | People worked 14 hours a day, six days a week, poor working conditions, risk of injury, and no protection if they were injured on the job |
| What were some of the conditions for child laborers? | children as young as 6 worked 14 hrs. a day, supervisors would beat them if they were tired, and would be injured using machinery |
| Why were labor unions created? | factory workers worked long hours, poor working conditions, and were always threatened with firing, needed protection. |
| How did Marx think workers were being treated by their employers? | He thought they were exploited by their employers |
| What is capitalism? | It is an economic system in which money is invested in business ventures with the goal of making a profit |
| What is laissez-faire? | Refers to the economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions etc. without government interference |
| Adam Smith | author of "The Wealth of Nations" and a supporter of capitalism |
| Communism | A form of complete socialism in which money, the means of production, all land, mines, factories, railroads, and businesses are owned by the people |
| Henry Bessemer | modern steel-purified it |
| Eli Whitney | cotton gin |
| Louis Pasteur | Pasteurization |
| Thomas Edison | light bulb, phonograph |
| Imperialism | a policy which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, and socially |
| Social Darwinism | Theory of survival of the fittest-evolution-only the strong survive |
| Opium War | conflict between China and Britain over Britain's Opium trade in China |
| Why did Europeans want to colonize Africa? | raw materials/labor, imperialism, social darwinism |
| What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference? | It was to prevent European countries from fighting over Africa |
| What were the results of the Berlin Conference? | It divided Africa among European nations. Boundaries were created without regard for African people and their different cultures |
| What are the motives for Imperialism? | economic, military, political, ideological, and religious |
| What colony was called the"jewel in the crown?" | India |
| What are some positive effects of Imperialism? | reduced local warfare, improved sanitation, built hospitals and schools, increased literacy rates |
| What are the negative effects of Imperialism? | Africans lost control of land and independence, died from new diseases like small pox, thousands died resisting Europeans, famine, african continent divided-created long lasting effects |
| How does Social Darwinism relate to racism | Non-Europeans were considered lower because they lacked technology, culture,and physical development-Europeans felt superior to them |
| Sepoy | Indian soldier |
| Why did the Sepoy Rebellion occur? | Rumor spread that the new cartridges for their guns were sealed with beef and pork fat. The soldiers would have to bite off the seal to use them. Cow and Pork are sacred soldiers refused them. They were jailed. Next day they rebelled |
| Who build the Suez Canal? | French money and Egyptian labor |
| How does the Suez Canal help improve travel between Europe and Asia? | Man made waterway cut through the isthmus of Suez and connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean |
| Menelik II | emperor of Ethiopia |
| How did Menelik II prevent European countries from colonizing it? | He played France, Britain, and Italy against each other and built up his army and weapons. When Italy attacked he was able to defeat them |
| Why did the Chinese lose the Opium War? | The battles were mostly at Sea and their ships were not match for British navy |
| Treaty of Nanjing | Ended Opium War and gave GB Hong Kong and gave other countries extraterritorial rights |
| Commodore Mathew Perry | Force Japan to accept letter from Pres. Filmore, used ships to threaten them. |
| Treaty of Kanagawa | Japanese gave Americans 2 ports and an embassy in Japan |
