| A | B |
|---|
| Centennial Exposition | Held in Philadelphia 1876, celebrate 100th anniversary of Declaration of Independence, focus on machinery and inventions |
| Central and Union Pacific Railroad Companies | Congress chartered these railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroad, linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans |
| J.P. Morgan | Was one of the most powerful figures in American finance |
| Andrew Carnegie | Creates Carnegie Steel. Gets bought out by banker JP Morgan and renamed U.S. Steel. Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration by buying all the steps needed for production. Was a philanthropist. Was one of the "Robber barons" |
| John D. Rockefeller | Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history |
| National Labor Union | Founded in 1866 by William H. Sylvis, a Pennsylvania iron molder; united several unions into one single organization |
| Knights of Labor | Also known as the Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor. Founded in 1869, labor organization which pursued reforms such as wages and hours |
| American Federation of Labor | Founded by Samuel Gompers (1886), the AFL was a loose alliance on national craft unions which organized skilled workers by craft and worked for higher wages and shorter hours |
| Trunk Lines | Four major railroad networks that emerged after the Civil War to connect the eastern seaports to the Great Lakes and western rivers. (helped large scale industrialization) |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | Takes over New York central railroad |
| Thomas Alva Edison | He built the first modern research laboratory at Menlo Park, NJ. He also invented the telephone repeater, which later became the phonograph |
| Jay Gould | A speculator who laid down RR tracks to force a rival line to buy it at inflated prices. He bought & sold RR's like toys, watered his stock, and milked his assets. |
| Cyrus W. Field | In 1866, he improved the transatlantic cable, linking the telegraph networks of Europe and the US. |
| George Eastman | In 1879, he patented a process for coating gelatin on photographic dry plates, which led to celluloid film and motion pictures |
| Gustavus F. Swift | In the 1870s, he hit on the idea of using railroad cars to distribute meat nationwide. |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Invented the telephone on March 10, 1871 |
| George Westinghouse | Invented the RR air brake |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | Passed by Congress in 1882 and prohibited the immigration of Chinese workers for ten years |
