| A | B |
|---|
| albumin/o | albumin, protein |
| calc/i | calcium |
| cin/e | relationship to movement |
| fluor/o | luminous, glowing |
| glycos/o | glucose, sugar |
| -graph | resulting record |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| hemat/o | blood, relating to the blood |
| -ous | possessing or full of |
| per- | excessive, through |
| phleb/o | vein |
| radi/o | radioation, x-rays, radius bone |
| -scope | instrument for visual examination |
| -scopy | visual examination |
| -uria | urination, urine |
| examination position, patient supine with feet and legs supported in stirrups | lithotomy |
| any position in which the patient is lying down either on back, front or side | recumbent |
| the act of lying down, position assumed in lying down | decubitus |
| the recumbent patient is lying on the belly face down | prone |
| the recumbent patient is lying on the fack face up | supine or horizontal recumbent |
| the recumbent patient is lying on the left side with the right knww and thigh drawn up with the left arm place along the back | Sims' position |
| the recumbent patient is lying face down with the hips flexed so that the knees and chest rest on the table | knee-chest position |
| the recumbent patient is supine with knees bents | dorsal recombent |
| the patient is lying on the back with the knees bent and the legs elevated slightly higher than the head | trendelenburg position |
| position used to treat shock | trendelenburg position |
| measures blood pressure | sphygmomanometer |
| used to litsen to sounds within the body and during the measurement of blood pressure | stethoscope |
| used to examine the interior of the eye | ophthalmoscope |
| used to visually examine the external ear canal and tympanic membrane | otoscope |
| PERRLA | pupils are equal, round, responsive to light and accommodation |
| used to enlarge the opening of any canal or cavity to facilitate inspection of its interior | speculum |
| listening through a stethoscope for sounds within the body to determine the condition of the lungs, pleura, heart, and abdomen | auscultation |
| an abnormal sound or murmur heard in auscultation | bruit |
| an abnormal rattle or crackle-like respiratory sound heard during inspiration | rale |
| an added sound with a musical pitch occurring during inspiration or expiration that results from a partially obstructed airway | rhoncus (plural: rhonci) |
| an abnormal, high-pitched harsh or crowing sound heard during instpiration that results from a partial blockage of the pharynx, larynx and trachea | stridor |
| an examination technique in which the examiner's hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency and location of certain body parts | palpation |
| a diagnostic procedure to determine the density of a body area by the sound produced by tapping the surface with the finger or instrument | percussion |
| the puncture of a vein for the purpose of drawing blood | phlebotomy or venipuncture |
| the technique used when only a small amount of blood is needed for a blood test. Name for where it is performed.... finger stick, heel stick, or earlobe stick | capillary puncture |
| series of tests performed as a groupt to evaluate several blood conditions | cbc or complete blood count |
| based on the rate at which the red blood cells separate from the plama and settle to the bottom of the container. elevated numbers indicates inflammation in the body | ESR, sed or erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| lab test that measures the percentage by volume of pacted red blood cells in a whole blood sample | hematocrit |
| blood test that measures the number of platelets in a specified amount of blood | platelet count |
| blood test that is a determination of the number of erythrocytes in the blood | red blood cell count |
| blood test that measures the amount of hemoglobin found in whole blood | total hemoglobin(Hb) |
| blood test that is a determination of the number of leukocytes in the blood | white blood cell count |
| blood test that determines what percentage of the total WBC count is composed of each of the five types of leukocytes | white blood cell differential |
| blood test that includes a variety of tests that involve the clumping together of cells or particles when mixed with incompatible serum, use to determine the patient's blood type and check compatibiltiy | agglutination testing |
| blood test to measrue the amount of urea in the blood, the major end product of pretein metabolsima, is a rough indicator of kidney function | BUN, blood urea nitrogen |
| lab test that measures the amounts of cholesterol (HDL), LDL and triglycerides in a blood sample | lipid tests or lipid panel |
| blood test that is used to diagnose conditions associated with abnormal bleeding and to monitor anticoagulant therapy | Prothrombin time |
| lab test to measure the blood enzymes | serum enzyme test |
| lab test to measure how well red blood cells are being broken down. elevated may indicate liver problems or gallstones | serum bilirubin test |
| lab test to measure circulating blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) that may indiate abrnomal thyroid activity | thyroid-stimulating hormone assay |
| the examination of the physical and chemical properties of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements | urinalysis |
| fibrous or protein materials, such as pus and fats thrown off in the urine in kidney disease | casts |
| normal pH of urine | 4.5-8.0 |
| reflects the amount of wastes, minerals and solids in the urine | specific gravity |
| high specific gravity (concentrated urine) is seen in what conditions? | dehydration, liver failure, shock |
| low specific gravity (dilute urine) is characteristic of what? | diabetes insipidus |
| condition found in urinalysis, sweet fruity odor | acetone |
| presence of serum protein albumin in the urine, a sign of impaired kidney function | albuminuria |
| the presence of bactera in the urine | bacteriuria |
| the presence of calcium in the urine | calciuria |
| an increased conecntration of creatine in the urine | creatinuria |
| a waste product of muscle metabolism, normally removed by the kidneys | creatinine |
| the presence of glucos in the urine, most commonly caused by diabetes | glycosuria |
| the presence of blood in the urine | hematuria |
| the presence of ketones in teh urine | ketonuria |
| formed when the body breaks down fat, their presence in the urine may indicate starvation or uncontrolled diabetes | ketones |
| an excess of serum protein in the urine, usually a sign of kidney disease | proteinuria |
| the presence of pus in the urine | pyuria |
| a lab test to identify the cause of a urinary tract infection and which antibiotic would be the most effective treatment | urine culture and sensitivity |
| the visual examination of the interior of a body cavity | endoscopy |
| the fiber optic instrument used to visualize the interior of a body cavity | endoscope |
| a surgical puncture to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid | centesis |
| the surgical puncutre of the abdominal caivty | abdominocentesis |
| a diagnostic test to evaluate fetal health by surgical puncture | amniocentesis |
| the puncture of a chamber of the heart for diagnosis or therapy | cardiocentesis |
| the drawing of fluid from the pericardial sac | pericardiocentesis |
| the puncture of the cehst wall to obtain fluid for diagnostic purposes, to drain pleural effusions , or to reexpand a collapsed lung | thoracentesis |
| use of ionizing radiation to visualize and examine internal body structures | x-rays |
| a substance used to make visible structures | radiographic contrast medium |
| does not allow the x-rays to pass through and appears white or light gray on the resulting film, (ex. barium sulfate0 | radiopaque contrast medium |
| does allow the x-rays to pass through and appears black or dark gray on the resulting film (ex. air or nitrogen gas0 | radiolucent contrast medium |
| a radiopaque contrast medium used primarily to visualize the digestive system, can be administered orally as a swallow or rectally as an enema | barium |
| infected into the vein to make visible the flow of blood through blood vessles and organs for imaging | intravenous contrast medium |
| a physician who specialize in diagnosing and treating disease and disorders with x-rays and other radiant energy | radiologist |
| an image of hard tissue internal structures is creased by the exposure of sensitized film to x-radiation | conventional radiology, or x-ray or radiology |
| film made from exposing it to x-radiation, is made up of shades of gray, the hard tissues like boen and tooth enamel appear white or light gray | x-ray or radiograph |
| the body placement and the part of the body closest to the film | positioning |
| the path that the x-ray beam follows through the body from entrance to exit | projection |
| when the name of the projection combines two terms into a single word which term is listed first? | the one that the x-ray penetrates first |
| position with patient back parallel to the film, the x-ray beam passes from anterior to posterior | anteroposterior projection (AP) |
| the paitne is positioned facing the film and parallel to it. | posteroanterior projection (PA) the x-ray geam travels through the body from posterior to anterior |
| the position at right angles to the film | lateral projection (Lat) or side view |
| the patient is positioned so the body is slanted sidways to the filme | oblique projection |
| used in dentistry, the film is placed outside of the mouth | extraoral radiography |
| x-ray that shows all of the teeth and surrounding structures of the upper and lower dental arches on a single film | panorex or panoramic radiograph |
| dental x-ray in which the film is placed within the mouth | intraoral radiography |
| x-ray that shows the entire tooth and some surround tissue | periapical radiograph |
| x-ray that shows the crowns of teeth in both arches, used primarily to dtect decay | bitewing radiographs |
| uses a thin, fan-shaped x-ray beam that rotates around the patient to produce multiple cross-sectional views of the body | CT, CAT, compute tomography, computed axial tomography |
| plane of the body going vertically through from front to back, head to toe | sagittal |
| plans of the body going across the body at right angles to the spine from front to back | transverse |
| planes of the body going from side to side head to toe | coronal (frontal) |
| uses a combination of radio waves and a strong magnetic field to creat signals that are sent to the computer and converted into images of any palne through the body | MRI or magnetic resonance imaging |
| used to visualize body parts in motion by projecting x-ray images on a luminous fluorescent screen | fluoroscopy |
| the recording of images as they appear in motion on a fluorescent screen | cineradiography |
| imaging of deep body structures by recording the echoes of pulses of sound waves | diagnostic ultrasound |
| resulting record from the imaging of deep body structures by recording sound waves | sonogram |
| involves the use of radiopharmaceuticals that are injected or inhaled into the obdy and absorbed by a particular organ, has a radionuclide tracer, a gamma-ray camera attached to a computer then generates an image showing the pattern of absorption to detect pathology | nuclear medicine or radionuclide imaging |
| uses of radionuclide imaging to gather information about the sturcture and function of organs or systems that can not be seen on conventional x-rays ex. bone scan | nuclear scan or scintigram |
| nuclear imaging technizue in which pictures are taken by 1-3 gamma cameras (detectors) after a radionuclide tracer has been injected into the body, the cameras rotate around the patient's body collecting data and producing images on a variety of planes | SPECT or single photon emission computer tomography |
| the flow of blood through the vessels of an organ | perfusion |
| combines tomography with radionuclide tracers to produce enhanced images of selected body organs or aras | PET, positron emission tomography |
| a laboratory technique in which a radioactively labeled substance is mixed with a blood specimen | radioassay or radioimmunoassay |
| to determine the amount oa particular substance in a mixture | assay |
| a method of tagging antibodies with a fluorescent dye to detect or localize antigen-antibody combinations | immunoflurescence |
| the study of the nature, uses, and effects of drugs for medical purposes | pharmacology |
| a specialist who is licensed in formulating and dispensing medications | pharmacist |
| an order of medication, therapy or a therapeutic device | prescription |
| medication that may be dispensed only with a prescription from an appropriately licensed profession | prescription drug |
| a medication that may be dispensed without a written prescription | over-the- counter drug |
| drug named for its chemical structure and not protected by a brand name or trademark | generic drug |
| drug sold under the name given by the manufacturer, spelled with a capital letter | brand name drug |
| a compulsive, uncontrollable dependence on a substance , habit or practic to the degree that stopping causes severe emotional, mental or physiologic reactions | addiction |
| an undesirable drug response that accompanies the principal response for which the drug was taken | adverse drug reaction, side effect or adverse drug event |
| the patient's consistency, accuracy in following the regimen prescribed by a physician | compliance |
| directions or rules for a patient | regimen |
| a factor in the patient's condition that makes the use of a drug dangerous or ill advised | contraindication |
| occurs when the effect of one drug is modified when it is administered at the same time as another drug | drug interaction |
| an unexpected reaction to a drug | idiosyncratic reaction |
| a substance that eases the pain or severity of a disease but does not cure it | palliative |
| a substance containing no active ingredients that is given for its suggestive effects | placebo |
| a drug interactionthat occurs when the effect of one drug is potentiated(increased) by another drug | potentiation or synergism |
| vapor and gases taken in through the nose or mouth and absorbed into the blood stream through the lungs | inhalation administration |
| drugs taken by mouth to be absorbed into the stomach or small intestine | oral administration |
| coating applied to some tablets to preven the release and absorption of their contents until they reach the small intestine | enteric coating |
| a procedure performed through the skin | percutaneous treatment |
| the insertion of medication in the rectum | rectal administration by suppositories or liquid solutions |
| medication is place under the tongue and allowed to dissolve slowly | sublingual administration |
| drugs applied for local action | topical administration |
| method of applying a drug to unbroken skin via a patch | transdermal delivery |
| the adminstration of medication by injection through a hypodermic sytringe | parenteral administration |
| injection directly into muscle tissue | intramuscular |
| injection made into the fatty layer just below the skin | subcutaneuous |
| injection made directly into a vein | intravenous |
| injection made into the middle layers of the kin | intradermal |
| a.c. | before meals |
| p.c. | after meals |
| ad lib | as desired |
| b.i.d. | twice a day |
| t.i.d. | three times a day |
| q.i.d. | four times a day |
| q.d. | every day |
| q.h. | every hour |
| c (with a line over it) | with |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| p.r.n. | as needed |
| p.o. | by mouth |
