| A | B |
|---|
| Abiotic | the nonliving parts of the environment. Ex: rocks, soil, water |
| Adaptation | characteristics that improve an individual's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment |
| Animal | A multicellular organism that has no nucleus, no cell wall, and can't make its own food |
| Archae/eubacteria | a unicellular organism that does NOT have a necleus, ddoes have a cell wall, mostly heterotrophs |
| Angisperm | a vascular plant that produces covered seed |
| Antibiotics | chemical used to fight or kill bacteria or other microorganisms |
| Asexual | Reproduction that requires only one parent |
| Autotroph | an organism that can produce its own food |
| Active Transport | the movement of substance across teh cell membrane that requires energy |
| Binary Fission | a form of asexual reproduction. One cell divides into two cells. |
| Biotic | the living factors in an environment ( animals, plants, bacteria) |
| Canopy | the thickest tree top layer of the rainforest |
| Cell | the smallest living thing |
| Cell Membrane | the thin, flexible layer that surrounds a cell. COntrols what goes out or comes into a cell. |
| Cell Wall | the outermost boundary of plant and bacterial cells. Supports and protects the cell. |
| Centi- | prefix that means 1/100 |
| Chloroplasts | Cell organelles that contain chlorphyll. Food making site in green plants |
| Chromosomes | A rod-shaped cell structure in the nucleus that directs the activities of a cell and passes on traits of a cell to new cells. Made of DNA . Contains many genes |
| Classification | grouping living organisms according to similar characteristcs |
| CLoning | using DNA from an organism to make an exact copy of that organism |
| Commensalism | a relationship between organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected |
| Constants | Factors in an experiment that must be kept the same |
| Control Experiment | An experiment done exactly the same as another experiment but it leaves out the independent variable, It is used to make comparisons in the data |
| Cytokinesis | The final stage of cellular reproduction. The cell membrane pulls apart and two daughter cells are formed |
| Cytoplasm | the jelly-like substance inside the cell |
| Decomposer | an organism that gets its energy by breaking down dead organisms and absorbing the nutrients |
| Dependent Variable | the factor that depends on the independent variable. The factor that change as a result of what you were testing |
| Diffusion | The process by which food molecules, oxygen, water, or other materials enter or leave the cell through the membrane |
| Digestion | The process of breaking down food molecules |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid - stores and passes son the genetic information from one generation to the next. Contains the blueprints for life. Double helix shape |
| Dominant | the stronger trait. The trait that shows up/ |
| Ecosystem | A community of organisms and the abiotic factors in that environment |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | Tubular passageways that help transport proteins |
| Endoskeleton | an internal skeleton |
| Eutrohication | An accumulation of nutrients in an aquatic ecosustem. Can lead to ecological succession |
| Evolution | A change in species over time |
| Exoskeleton | a hard, external, supporting structure |
| Flagella | tail-like structures found on some bacteria that help them swim in watery environments |
| Fossils | The remains or evidence of once living organisms |
| Fungi | mostly multicellular, have nucleus, have a cell wall, but CANNOT make their own food |
| Genes | Small segements of the DNA that codes for traits |
| Genotype | The genetic make-up of an organism |
| Glucose | A simple sugar produced by plants |
| Graduated Cylinder | Equipment used to measure the volume of liquid |
| Gram | A unit used to measure the mass of a small object |
| Gymnosperm | A vascular plant that produces seeds that are not covered by an ovary or fruit |
| Habitat | The place where an organism lives |
| Heterotroph | An organism that can not produce its own food, it must consume another organism |
| Host | An organism from which a parasite takes food or shelter |
| Hybrid | n organism with tow different genes for a particular trait |
| Hypothesis | A suggested solution or an "Educated Guess" |
| Incomplete Dominance | When neither gene is dominant or recessive |
| Independent Variable | The factor being tested or changed on purpose |
| Internal | Inside |
| Invertebrate | An animal that does not have a backbone |
| Kilo- | Metric prefix that means 1000 |
| Kingdoms | The largest classification group of organisms |
| Length | The distance from one point to another point |
| Liter | The basic unit of volume |
| Mass | The amount of matter in an object |
| Meiosis | Cellular reproduction od sex cells. Each sex cell ends up with 1/2 the number of chromosomes as a regular cell. |
| Metabolism | All of the chemical reactions that occur in an organism to release energy |
| Metamorphosis | A dramatic physical change that occurs during the life cycle of some organisms |
| Meter | The basic unit of length |
| Milli- | Metric prefix that means 1/1000 |
| Mitochondria | An organelle where energy is released in the cell |
| Mitosis | Cellular reproduction of regular body cells. The cell duplicates and divides to form two identical daughter cells |
| Molt | Shedding of the exoskeleton, skin, feathers, or hair |
| Multicellular | Having many cells |
| Mutation | Changes or mistakes in the chromosome that causes a new trait to be inherited |
| Mutualism | A relationship between two organisms in which both organisms benefit |
| Natural Selection | The survival and reproduction of those organisms best adapted to their surroundings. "Survival of the Fittest" |
| NIche | The job or role an organism plays in its environment |
| Nonvascular | Plants that do not have true roots, stems, or leaves (Mosses) |
| Nucleus | The control center of the cell |
| Organ | A group of tissues working together (Heart, Lungs, Eyes) |
| Organ System | A group of organs working together (Digestive System, Circulatory System, Nervous System) |
| Osmosis | A special type of diffusion. Water moves into or out of the cell from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. |
| Parasite | An organism that feeds on and harms an organism of a different species. |
| Phenotype | The physical appearance of the trait or organism |
| Photosynthesis | The process by which plants, algae and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make food |
| Plants | Mostly multicellular, have a nucleus, have a cell wall and have the ability to make their own food |
| Pollination | The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of seed plants |
| Population | A group of organisms of the same species living in the same general area |
| Predator | An organism that hunts and eats another organism (wolf) |
| Prey | The organism that gets killed and eaten (rabbit) |
| Protists | Unicellular organisms that have a nucleus, no cell wall, mostly heterotrophs |
| Punnett Square | A chart used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of an organism based on the genotypes of the parents |
| Purebred | n organism that has the same two genes for a trait (TT, rr) |
| Recessive | The trait that is masked or hidden by a dominant trait. The recessive trait will only appear when two recessive genes are present (tt, rr) |
| Regeneration | The ability to) regrow lost body parts |
| Respiration | The process by which living things take in oxygen and use it to produce energy |
| Scientific Name | The genus species name of an organism (Homo sapien) |
| Social Hierarchy | The roles organisms play within their populations ( Queen bee, Alpha male) |
| Species | A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce young that can reproduce |
| Symbiosis | A relationship between two different organisms in which one organsim lives on, in or near the other organism and at least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship |
| Territorialism | An organism claiming and defending its territory |
| Tissues | A group of cells that work together ( skin tissue, blood tissue |
| Transpiration | The process by which plants release water vapor into the air through their stomata |
| Unicellular | A one celled organism (bacteria, protist |
| Vaccine | A chemical used to prevent a disease |
| Vacuole | A cell organelle that stores food, water or wastes. Usually larger in plant cells. |
| Variations | Differences in members of the same species (hair color, eye color) |
| Vascular | Plants that have specialized tissues that transport materials from one part of the plant to other parts of the plant. |
| Vertebrate | An animal that does have a backbone |
| Volume | The amount of space an object takes up. |
| Aristotle | Developed the first system of classification |
| Charles Darwin | Proposed the theory of Natural Selection |
| Rosalind Franklin | Took the first x-ray of the DNA molecule |
| Robert Hooke | First to discover and use the word "cell" |
| Edward Jenner | Developed the first vaccine |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoeck | First to observe living cells |
| Carolus Linnaeus | "Father of Taxonomy" Proposed the system of binomial nomenclature |
| Gregor Mendel | "Father of Genetics" |
| Watson and Crick | Developed the first accurate model f the DNA molecule |
