| A | B |
|---|
| pure substance | Matter that always has exactly the same composition |
| element | substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
| atom | smallest particle of an element |
| compound | substance that is made from two or more simpler substances and can be broken down into those simpler substances |
| heterogeneous mixture | parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another |
| homogeneous mixture | substances are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish one substance in the mixture from another |
| solution | substances dissolve and form a homogeneous mixture |
| suspension | heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time |
| colloid | contains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles in a solution and the larger particles in a suspension |
| physical property | characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material |
| viscosity | tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing |
| conductivity | material’s ability to allow heat to flow |
| malleability | the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering |
| melting point | temperature at which a substance changes from solid to liquid |
| boiling point | temperature at which a substance boils |
| filtration | process that separates materials based on the size of their particles |
| distillation | process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points |
| physical change | occurs when some of the properties of a material change, but the substances in the material remain the same |
| chemical property | ability to produce a change in the composition of matter |
| flammability | material’s ability to burn in the presence of oxygen |
| reactivity | how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances |
| chemical change | occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances |
| precipitate | solid that forms and separates from a liquid mixture |
| Jons Berzelius | suggested that chemists use symbols to represent elements |
| H | symbol for hydrogen |
| He | symbol for helium |
| Li | symbol for lithium |
| Be | symbol for beryllium |
| B | boron |
| C | carbon |
| N | nitrogen |
| O | oxygen |
| F | fluorine |
| Ne | neon |
| Na | sodium |
| Mg | magnesium |
| Al | aluminum |
| Si | silicon |
| P | phosphorus |
| S | sulfur |
| Cl | chlorine |
| Ar | argon |
| K | potassium |
| Ca | calcium |
| Sc | scandium |
| Ti | titanium |
| V | vanadium |
| Cr | chromium |
| Mn | manganese |
| Fe | iron |
| Co | cobalt |
| Ni | nickel |
| Cu | copper |
| Zn | zinc |
| Ga | gallium |
| Ge | germanium |
| As | arsenic |
| Se | selenium |
| Br | bromine |
| Kr | kryptom |
| Rb | rubidium |
| Sr | strontium |
| Y | yttrium |
| Zr | zirconium |
| Nb | niobium |
| Mo | molybdenium |
| Tc | technetium |
| Ru | ruthenium |
| Rh | rhodium |
| Pd | palladium |
| Ag | silver |
| Cd | cadmium |
| In | indium |
| Sn | tin |
| Sb | antimony |
| Te | tellurium |
| I | iodine |
| Xe | xenon |
| Cs | cesium |
| Ba | barium |
| La | lanthanum |
| Hf | hafnium |
| Ta | tantalium |
| W | tungsten |
| Re | rhenium |
| Os | osmium |
| Ir | iridium |
| Pt | platinum |
| Au | gold |
| Hg | mercury |
| Tl | thallium |
| Pb | lead |
| Bi | bismuth |
| Po | polonium |
| At | astatine |
| Rn | radon |
| Fr | francium |
| Ra | radium |
| Ac | actinium |
