| A | B |
|---|
| Evolution | Change over time |
| Natural selection | Survival and reproduction of the fittest |
| Fossils | Preserved remains or imprints of once living organisms |
| Comparative anatomy | Study of body structures to determine relatedness of organisms |
| Comparative embryology | Study of the development of organisms before they are born to determine relatedness to other organisms |
| DNA & other molecules | The more genetic material or proteins organisms have in common, the more closely related they are. |
| Biogeography | Study of relatedness of organisms based on where they live or have lived |
| Charles Darwin | Credited with the idea of natural selection |
| Sedimentary rock | Supports the formation and preservation of fossils |
| Homologous structures | Similiar internally even though they may differ externally and in function |
| Vestigial structures | Present due to the DNA code but they have no function |
| Macroevolution | Major change over time, as in extinction |
| Microevolution | Minor change over time in a population, as in size or color variation |
| HMS Beagle | The ship Darwin traveled on during many of his observations |
| Galapagos Islands | The site of many of Darwin's observations, especially tortoises and finches |
| Artificial selection | Making unfit organisms more fit for their environment or changing the environment |
| Lamarck | Came up with false ideas of evolution such as needed traits and "use it or lose it" |
| Divergent Evolution | Organisms becoming more and more different from their common ancestor over time |
| Phylogenetic tree | Pictoral depiction of divergent evolution |
| Convergent evolution | Organisms that don't share a very recent common ancestor that begin to look and function alike due to living in the same environment |
| Kingdom | Largest of taxonomic groups |
| Scientific name | Genus and species |
| Kingdom Monera | Single celled prokaryotes; bacteria |
| Kingdom Protista | Single celled eukaryotes |
| Kingdom Plantae | Multicelled eukaryotes with cell walls and chloroplasts |
| Kingdom Fungi | Multicelled eukaryotes with cell walls but NO chlorplasts |
| Kingdom Animalia | Multicelled eukaryotes with NO cell walls or chloroplasts |
| Class Chondricthyes | Cartilaginous fishes |
| Class Osteicthyes | Bony fishes |
| Class Amphibia | Can live on land; oldest tetrapods |
| Class Reptilia | Full land life cycle; waterproof eggs & skin |
| Class Aves | Birds; endothermic |
| Class Mammalia | Live young; endothermic |
