| A | B |
|---|
| Newcomen | steam engine pumped water out of mines |
| Watt | steam engine to power machines |
| Darby | smelting of iron |
| Bessemer | steel converter |
| Whitney | cotton gin |
| Kay | flying shuttle |
| Arkwright | water frame |
| Hargreaves | spinning Jenny |
| Crompton | spinning mule |
| Jenner | smallpox vaccination |
| Pasteur | bacteria & "pasteurization" |
| factory system | machines powered by water, steam or electricity |
| urbanization | people moved from countryside to the city |
| British Enclosure Movement | fencing in public lands making them private |
| capitalism | wealth is made and managed by private individuals or companies |
| communism | wealth is evenly distributed to the "community" as whole |
| Smith | Wealth of Nations |
| labor unions | organization that protects the rights of employees |
| suffrage | voting rights |
| imperialism | a country extending its rule over another foreign country |
| nationalism | loyalty to one's country |
| colonies, protectorates & spheres of influence | forms of imperialism |
