| A | B |
|---|
| contour lines | lines on a topographic map indicating areas with the same elevation |
| crust | the thin rocky outer layer of Earth that makes up the continents and the ocean floor |
| topographic map | a map that shows the shape of surface features and their elevations |
| erosion | destructive force in which pieces of rock are moved from place to place as by flowing water wind gravity or ice |
| sediment | weathered rock pieces deposited by wind water or ice |
| weathering | destructive force that breaks down rocks into smaller pieces |
| deposition | constructive force in which sediments that have been moved from one place are dropped or released in another place |
| core | Earth's innermost structure |
| dome mountain | a mountain that forms when magma pushes up on Earths crust but does not break through |
| earthquake | violent shaking of Earth's crust as built-up energy is released |
| epicenter | point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake |
| fault | crack in Earth's crust along which movement takes place |
| fault-block mountain | mountains that form along fault lines where blocks of rock fall are thrust up or slide |
| focus | point underground where the faulting of an earthquake occurs |
| folded mountains | mountains that form where two plates collide and force layers of rock into folds |
| lithosphere | shell formed from Earth's solid upper mantle and crust |
| magma | melted rock below Earth's surface called lava at the surface |
| mantle | thick layer of Earth's structure just below Earth's crust |
| plate tectonics | the study of giant plates moving slowly across Earth's surface |
| seismic waves | waves sent through Earth's crust during earthquakes |
| barrier island | land formed over many years by the build-up of sand and dirt just offshore of the mainland |
| beach nourishment/reclamation | dumping new sand onto eroding beaches to restore them |
| contour plowing | plowing soil in curved rows that follow the shape of the land |
| dam | a wall across a river that controls the flow of the river water |
| dredging | the deepening or widening of a river or harbor |
| flood | water flowing or collecting over land that is normally dry |
| floodway | a prepared path for flood waters to flow over |
| jetty | thin |
| levee | a wall along a river channel or other body of water that serves to prevent flooding by keeping water behind it |
| reservoir | an artificial lake often formed when water collects behind a dam |
| sea wall | a tall wall built along the rear edge of a beach designed to receive waves at high tide |
| soil | natural resource made up of small rocks minerals water gases and organic matter |
| storm drain | a system of pipes or channels that carry away storm water |
| subsoil | layer of soil beneath the topsoil |
| terrace farming/ contour plowing | planting crops in level sections called terraces or contour rows on a slope |
| topsoil | uppermost layer of soil |
