| A | B |
|---|
| location of the city of Rome | Italian peninsula |
| mountains to the north of Rome | The Alps |
| Roman mythology based off which other civilization | Greece |
| Romulus and Remus | brothers who founded Rome |
| Latins | first people who built towns around the Tiber |
| Etruscans | people who conquered the Italian peninsula and the Latins starting a monarchy |
| republic | representative democracy |
| patrician | wealthy landowner who takes part in government |
| plebeian | majority of population |
| senate | powerful, controls treasury. could name a dictator |
| magistrates | elect officials, had 2 consuls and censors to appoint senators |
| tribunes | 10 officials who represented the plebeians; could refuse to approve laws |
| Conflict of Orders | uprisings of plebeians who wanted more rights and power |
| twelve tables | 12 laws for plebeians that could not be taken away |
| Carthage | trade city in North Africa |
| Hannibal | Carthaginian general, crossed the Alps to attack Rome |
| reason for First Punic War | trade routes |
| indemnity | payment for damages |
| results of the Punic Wars | Rome controlled the trade routes; Rome gained new lands; Carthage was destroyed; Rome became the dominant force |
| latifundia | a large estate farm that produces many crops |
| Spartacus | former slave who led a slave rebellion |
| Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus | brothers who were killed by senators because they tried to help the poor |
| triumvirate | 3 people who join together to share power |
| Julius Caesar | general who was loved by the people and soldiers; dictator |
| accomplishments of Julius Caesar | granted citizenship, forced the senate to elect him dictator, started the Julian calendar, help the poor |
| Octavian | nephew of Julius Caesar who became Augustus, first emperor of Rome |
| end of second triumvirate | Lepidus died and Octavian declared war on Marc Antony |
| princep | first citizen |
| Pax Romana | Roman Peace |
| accomplishments of the Pax Romana | peace between the classes; standard currency; safe travel across Rome |
| Five Emperors of the Flavian Dynasty | good emperors who helped expand Rome |
| Ptolemy | scientist who believed the sun and stars rotated around the earth |
| aqueduct | carries and filters water |
| Virgil | Roman poet who wrote the Aeneid |
| Tacitus | senator who criticized the emperors and the division of classes |
| how was Judaism different from other religions | monotheistic |
| zealots | Jews who were affraid that outside religions would weaken Judaism |
| Wailing Wall | western wall of the temple that was left after the Romans destroyed the city of Jerusalem |
| rabbbis | Jewish scholars who learned scripture and Jewish law |
| New Testament | writings and scriptures of Jesus written by his disciples |
| religious persecution | mistreatment of a person because of their religious beliefs |
| Emperor Constantine | emperor who became Christian and legalized it in Rome |
| Emperor Theodosius | made Christianity the official religion of Rome |
| Christian beliefs | monotheism, Jesus is the Son of God, the New Testament was the official scripture |
| Augustine | church official who wrote his autobiography |
| bishop | person with the highest authority in the church |
| citizens of Rome | pay taxes |
| inflation | devaluation of silver and the rise of prices to meet it |
| Diocletian | emperor who split the empire into east and weat |
| Constantine moved the capital where | Byzantium |
| barbarian groups that attacked Rome | Goths, Vandals, and Huns |
| effects of barbarian invasions | schools and libraries destroyed; empire weakened; many died; tribes set up new kingdoms |
| factors in the fall of Rome | civil wars, people losing faith in Rome, continuing invasions |
