| A | B |
|---|
| genotypes made of the same alleles | homozygous |
| different forms of genes for a single trait | alleles |
| the allele that is expressed in the phenotype | dominant |
| the allele that is expressed only in the homozygous state | recessive |
| genotypes made of two different alleles | heterozygous |
| an example of a homozygous recessive genotype | rr |
| an example of a heterozygous genotype | Rr |
| an example of a homozygous dominant genotype | RR |
| considered the "father of Genetics" | Mendel |
| an organism's reproductive cells | gametes |
| the two exact copies of DNA that make up each chromosome are called | homologous chromosomes |
| number of chromosomes in humans | 46 |
| number of homologous pairs in humans | 23 |
| number of sex chromosomes | 2 |
| number of autosomes | 44 |
| when a cell contains two sets of chromosomes, it is called | diploid |
| when a cell contains one set of chromosomes, it is called | haploid |
| one gamete is formed during | oogenesis |
| four gametes are formed during | spermatogenesis |
| a picture of the chromosomes in a cell, arranged by size is called | karyotype |
| what chromosomes are not directly involved in determining the sex of an individual? | autosomes |
| what determines the sex of the baby? | sperm |
| sperm only provides ______ to the zygote | DNA |
| the process in which the nucleus of a cell is divided | mitosis |
| the process of making a diploid cell into a haploid cell | meiosis |
| process in which the cytoplasm divides | cytokinesis |
