| A | B |
|---|
| nucleotides | subunits of DNA |
| replication | the process of making a copy of DNA |
| transcription | the process in which the instructions for making a protein are transferred from a gene to RNA |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine | bases of nucleotides |
| DNA helicase | unzips two strands of DNA |
| DNA polymerase | add to individual strands of DNA to form two strands |
| Nitrogenous Base | single or double ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms with attached functional groups, found in nucleic acids |
| translation | the process of RNA building or turning into proteins |
| Watson and Crick | developed DNA double helix model |
| Wilkins and Franklin | developed high quality X-ray photographs of strands of DNA |
| Chargaff | discovered that G goes with C and A goes with T |
| purines | made of 2 organic rings |
| pyrimidines | made of 1 organic ring |
| Adenine | Purine nitrogenous base that pairs with Thymine |
| Anticodon | in tRNA, a triplet of nitrogenous bases that is complementary to a specific codon in mRNA |
| Codon | in RNA, a three-base "word" that codes for one amino acid |
| Cytosine | Pyrimidine nitrogenous base that pairs with Guanine |
| Exon | coding region in RNA transcript |
| Guanine | Purine nitrogenous base that pairs with Cytosine |
| Intron | internal noncoding region in RNA transcript |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | RNA molecule transcribed from a DNA template |
| Mutagen | physical or chemical agent that causes mutations |
| Mutation | any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA |
| Nucleotide | building block (monomer) of nucleic acid polymers |
| Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | RNA component of ribosomes |
| two strands of nucleotides wound about each other; structure of DNA | Double Helix |
| Pyrimidine nitrogenous base that pairs with Adenine | Thymine |
| process by which a sequence of nucleic acids in RNA is used to direct the production of a chain of specific amino acids | Translation |
| RNA that translates the three-letter codons of mRNA to amino acids | Transfer RNA (tRNA) |
| process by which the introns are removed from RNA transcripts and the remaining exons are joined together | RNA Splicing |
| transcription enzyme that links RNA nucleotides together | RNA Polymerase |
