| A | B |
|---|
| federalism | govt. that divides power between national and state govts. |
| unitary governments | all power resides in the central govt. |
| intergovernmental relations | system of national, state & local govt. relations |
| supremacy clause | makes Constitution & national law supreme to states |
| Tenth Amendment | powers not given to US govt. are reserved to states |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | Case upheld implied power to create Bank of USA |
| enumerated powers | powers specifically written into the Constitution |
| implied powers | power not expressly written into the constitution |
| elastic clause | Congress may "make all laws necessary & proper" |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | Gave Congress broad power of interstate commerce |
| full faith and credit | states recongnize judgements of other states |
| extradition | surrender of criminal suspect by one state to another state |
| privileges and immunities | citizens given privileges of citizens in other states |
| dual federalism | states & national govts. supreme in their own sphere |
| cooperative federalism | powers and policy are shared by states & US govt. |
| devolution | transfer of power from national to state govts. |
| fiscal federalism | spending, taxing & awarding grants in federal system |
| categorical grants | $ given for specific purposes |
| project grants | $ awarded by merit for specific purposes |
| formula grants | $ distributed by mathematical formulas |
| block grants | $ given to states for broad purposes |
| dictatorship | the leader has absolute power and authority |
| oligarchy | the power to rule is held by a small, usually self-appointed elite |
| confederation | a joining of several groups for a common purpose |
| presidential government | executive & legislative branches govt. are separate, independent & coequal |
| parliamentary government | executive branch is made up of the prime minister |
| bicameral | describing a legislative body composed of two chambers |
| unicameral | a legislative body with one chamber |
| ratification | formal approval of a constitution, constitutional amendment, or treaty |
| reserved powers | powers not given to US govt. and not denied to states |
| concurrent powers | powers that both the National Government and the States possess |
