| A | B |
|---|
| activation energy | the minimum energy colliding particles must have in order to react |
| solubility product constant | equals the product of the concentrations of the ions, each raised to a power equal to the coefficient of the ion in the dissociation equation |
| chemical equilibrium | the forward and reverse reaction take place at the same rate |
| free energy | energy that is available to do work when the forward and reverse reactions are taking place at the same rate |
| entropy | the disorder of a system |
| activated complex (transition state) | the unstable arrangement of atoms at the peak of the activation -energy barrier |
| inhibitor | a substance that interferes with the action of a catalyst |
| equilibrium constant | the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations, with each concentration raised to a power given by the number of moles of that substance in the balanced equation |
| spontaneous reactions | reactions that favor the formation of products at the specified conditions |
| first-order reaction | a reaction in which the rate is directly proportional to the concentration of one of the reactants |
| reaction rate | the number of particles that react in a given time to form products |
| Le Chatelier's principle | If a stress is applied to a system in dynamic equilibrium, the system changes to relieve the stress |
| elementary reaction | Reactants are converted to products in a single step |
| collision theory | atoms, molecules, ions can react to form products when they collide if they have enough kinetic energy |
| common ion | an ion found in both salts in a solution |
| common ion effect | the lowering of the solubility of a compound caused by the addition of a common ion |
| equilibrium position | the relative concentrations of the reactants and products at equilibrium |
| Gibbs free energy | the maximum amount of energy that can by coupled to another process to do useful work |
| law of disorder | the natural tendency of systems is to move in the direction of maximum disorder or randomness |
| nonspontaneous reaction | reaction that does not favor the formation of products at the specified conditions |
| rate | measure of the speed of any change that occurs within an interval of time |
| rate law | an expression for the rate of a reaction in terms of the concentration of reactants |
| reaction mechanism | the series of elementary reactions or steps that take place during the course of a complex reaction |
| reversible reaction | reaction in which the conversion of reactants to products and products to reactants occur simultaneously |
| specific rate constant | a proportionality constant relating the concentrations of reactants to the rate of the reaction |
