| A | B |
|---|
| isolates | Separates |
| sub-Saharan | that part of Africa south of the Sahara |
| Nok | earliest known West African ironmakers |
| Soninkes | Muslim traders who founded prosperous farming communities in the West African grasslands |
| barter | to trade for goods without the use of money |
| scarce | not enough to meet demand |
| tariff | a tax on goods or services |
| monopoly | complete control or ownership |
| pilgrimage | a visit to a holy place, such as the city of Mecca |
| mansa | title for an emperor in West Africa |
| Mandinkas | the people who founded Mali |
| Songhais | an ancient West African empire |
| standing army | a full-time army made up of paid professional soldiers |
| Edo | people of Berlin who lived near the mouth of the Niger River, they were well located for trade |
| oba | the title for a king in Benin |
