| A | B |
|---|
| Pyramidines | T&C are _____, have only one ring |
| Purines | A&G are _____, have two rings |
| Double-Helix | DNA is in a shape of a twisted ladder called a ________ |
| Thymine | Adenine pairs with __________in DNA. |
| Chargaff's Rules | A&T pair, G&C pair |
| DNA | ______ is made up of nucleotides, is double stranded, and found in the nucleus. |
| Nucleotide | A __________________ is made up of a Deoxyribose Sugar, Nitrogenous base and Phosphate group. It is the monomer of DNA. |
| James Watson/ Francis Crick | found structure of DNA-double-helix, used Franklin's x-ray work, won the Noble Prize. Constructed the final model of the DNA structure as a double helix with sugar-phosphate groups on the outside, and paired bases on the inside. |
| Rosalind Franklin | used x-rays to get pictures of DNA for studies. Found that it was a long fiber in the shape of a helix. |
| Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine | ________, ________, _______, and ________ are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA |
| Template | each strand serves as a ______for a new strand |
| DNA Polymerase | An enzyme that adds one nucleotide at a time on the template during replication. |
| Nucleotide | DNA polymerase adds one _____ at a time on the template |
| Cytosine | Guanine pairs with __________. |
| DNA Replication | ___________ is the process of making two exact copies of a DNA molecule from one parent molecule before mitosis and meiosis. |
| Sugar and Phosphate | The backbone of the DNA molecule is made up of ___________ and _______________. |
| Structure of DNA | DNA is like a ladder or spiral staircase. The outside is made of a sugar-phosphate backbone with alternating sugars and phosphates and the inside "steps" are the nitrogenous bases |
| Helicase | ________ unwinds the helix. (DNA replication) |
| Unzipping, Complementary base pairing | _______,and ______ ______ _______ are the basic steps of DNA replication. |
| Codon | a group of 3 base pairs is known as a ______ |
| Gene | A segment of DNA that codes for one protein. |
| Translation | Process occurs in the cytoplasm. Where tRNA brings amino acids to the mRNA to assemble the protein. |
| Nucleus | transcription takes place in the _______ |
| Thymine (T) | RNA does not have _____ |
| Uracil (U) | Adenine (A) is complementary to _____ in RNA |
| Single | RNA is a _____ strand |
| Messenger RNA (mRNA) | the RNA strand that is made in the nucleus and moves to the cytoplasm is called_____ |
| "-ase" | most enzymes end with this ending |
| Transcription | DNA transfers to mRNA in this process |
| Protein | translation's goal is to make ______ |
| rRNA | translates the mRNA into amino acids |
| tRNA | Delivers amino acids to the ribosome. Makes proteins. |
| Anticodon, Amino Acid | tRNA molecules: 1 side= ___ (compliment of the codon) 1 side=___ |
| Protein | monomers of _____________ are amino acids |
| RNA | the goal of transcription is to create _____ |
| Amino Acids | these are the building blocks of protein |
| RNA structure | Uses ribose instead of deoxyribose, has only a single strand, uses uracil instead of thymine (A=U) and can leave the nucleus of a cell. |
| Translation | The making of a protein from mRNA to tRNA completed by the ribosome in the cytoplasm |
| Transcription | The making of RNA from DNA completed in the nucleus. |
| AUG | The start codon is ________. |
