| A | B |
|---|
| Etruscans | people who shared the peninsula with the Romans and lived mostly north of Rome |
| republic | a government where people choose some of the officials |
| patrician | members of the landholding upper class |
| consul | officials in government whose job was to supervise the business of the government and command the armies |
| dictator | a ruler who has complete control over the government |
| plebeian | farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders who made up most of the Roman population |
| tribune | elected by plebeians to protect the plebeians' interests |
| veto | block laws |
| latifundia | huge estates bought by wealthy families |
| imperialism | establishing control over foreign lands and people |
| Julius Caesar | an ambitious military leader who was to become the leader of Rome |
| Augustus | Caesar's grandnephew who would take over Rome after Caesar died |
| census | a population count |
| Ptolemy | astronomer who proposed that the Earth was the center of the universe |
| satirize | used by Roman poets to make fun of Roman society |
| aqueduct | bridgelike stone structures that carried water from the hills into Roman cities |
| martyr | people who suffer or die for their beliefs |
| Constantine | ended the persecution of Christians in Rome with the Edict of Milan |
| messiah | anointed king sent by God |
| apostle | close followers to help Jesus spread the Word |
| patriarch | an honorary title bishops took to exercise authority over other bishops in their area |
| heresy | beliefs said to be different from official church teachings |
| clergy | a group of people who conduct Christian services |
| inflation | a rapid rise in prices |
| mercenary | foreign soldiers serving for pay |
