| A | B |
|---|
| fourteen points | President Woodrow Wilson's idealistic peace aims. Wilson stressed national self-determination, the rights of small countries, freedom of the seas, and free trade. |
| Bolsheviks | a party of revolutionary Marxists, led by Vladimir Lenin, who seized power in Russia in 1917. |
| New Economic Policy | a program initiated by Vladimir Lenin to stimulate the economic recovery of the Russia in the early 1920s. The New Economic Policy utilized a limited revival of capitalism in light industry and agriculture. |
| Existentialism | philosophy that God, reason, and progress are all myths. Humans must accept responsibility for their actions. This responsibility causes an overwhelming sense of dread and anguish. Existentialism reflects the sense of isolation and alienation in the 20th century. |
| Theory of Relativity | a scientific theory associated with Albert Einstein. Relativity holds that time and space do not exist separately. Instead, they are a combined continuum whose measurement depends as much on the observer as on the entities being measured. |
| totalitarianism | a political system in which the government has total control over the lives of individual citizens. |
| fascism | a political system that combines an authoritarian government with a corporate economy. Fascist governments glorify their leaders, appeal to nationalism, control the media, and repress individual liberties. |
| kulaks | prosperous landowning peasants in czarist Russia. Joseph Stalin accused the kulaks of being class enemies of the poorer peasants. Stalin "liquidated the kulaks as a class" by executing them and expropriating their land to form collective farms. |
| Keynesian economics | an economic theory based on the ideas of 20th century British economist John Maynard Keynes. According to Keynesian economics, governments can spend their economies out of a depression by using deficit-spending to encourage employment and stimulate economic growth. |
| appeasement | a policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war. Associated with Neville Chamberlain's policy of making concessions to Adolf Hitler. |
