| A | B |
|---|
| Alfred Wegener | German meteorologist |
| Earth's magnetic field | reverses its polarity periodically |
| South America and Africa | Two continents that strongly demonstrate the "jigsaw" fit |
| lithosphere | rigid layer made of crust and upper mantle |
| Earthquakes | these may occur when the elastic limit of rocks is passed |
| rift valley | When magma flows through the fissure created by continental plates moving apart |
| Pangaea | the name of the supercontinent that began breaking apart close to 200 million years ago |
| San Andreas Fault | a noteable transform fault located on land |
| magma | hot molten material beneath Earth's surface |
| Hot spots | stationary plumes of magma rising in the middle of a plate |
| Shield volcanoes | broad dome-shaped volcanoes Volcanoes covering the largest area. |
| Quiet volcanoes | type of eruptions produced by magma that is low in silica (basaltic), low in viscosity, and hotter |
| Asthenosphere | the weaker plastic region of the upper mantle |
| continental volcanic arcs | Andes, and Cascades are prime examples of these type of volcanic mountains |
| Continental to continental convergence | The Appalachians, Alps, and Himalayas were formed by this type of convergence |
| hot spot plumes | the site of most intraplate (within the plate) volcanic activity |
| paleomagnetism | ancient magnetic fields preserved in rocks |
| trench | formed at the subduction zone directly above the point of subduction |
| Hawaii | Prime examples of shield volcanoes are located here |
| explosive eruptions | type of explosions produced from lava that is high in silica, high viscosity, and cooler |
| subduction zone | formed by oceanic lithosphere going down into the asthenosphere and maked by an ocean trench |
| Plate tectonics | the theory that explains the movements, collisions, and destruction of the Earth's lithosphere |
| convection | the process by which hot material from deep within the Earth rises while cooler material sinks |
