| A | B |
|---|
| hardness | measure of how easily a mineral can be stratched |
| compaction | process that forms sedimentary rocks when layers of sediments are compressed by the weight of the layers above them |
| specific gravity | ratio of a mineral's weight compared with the weight of an equal volume of water |
| mineral | naturally occuring inorganic solid that has a definite chemical compositon and an orderly internal atomic structure |
| luster | describes the way a mineral reflects light from its surface; can be metallic or nonmetallic |
| cleavage | physical property of some minerals that causes them to break along smooth, flat surfaces |
| fracture | physical property of some minerals that causes them to break with uneven, rough, or jagged surfaces |
| rock | mixture of one or more minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials |
| foliated | describes metamorphic rock, such as slate and gneiss, whose mineral grains line up in parallel layers |
| intrusive | decribes a type of igneous rock that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth's surface |
| rock cycle | model that describes how rocks slowly change from one form to another through time |
| nonfoliated | describes metamorphic rock, such as quartzite or marble, whose mineral grains grow and rearrange but generally do not form layers |
| extrusive | describes fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth's surface |
| sediment | loose materials, such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and the remains of once-living plants and animals, that have been moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity |
| streak | color of a mineral when it is in powdered form |
