| A | B |
| Positivism | insists that nothing can be known except for observable facts |
| John Dewey | Advocated "progressive education" |
| Sigmund Freud | formulataed the system of psychoanalysis |
| Auguste Comte | taught positivism |
| existentialism | claims there is no truth or reality |
| Bible | the most powerful conservative force through the ages |
| Ivan Pavlov | developed behavioral psychology |
| Friedrich Nietzsche | declared "God is dead" |
| pragmatism | teaches that actions should be judged by results, not morality |
| William James | popularized pragmatism |