| A | B |
|---|
| Hargreaves | English inventor of the spinning jenny (1720-1778) |
| entrepreneur | A person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business |
| labor union | An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members |
| factory | A system of manufacturing in which all the materials, machinery, and workers required to manufacture a product are assembled in one place |
| urbanization | Mass movement of people from farms to cities; growth of city into surrounding countryside |
| Stephenson | built the first practical steam-powered locomotive in 1814 |
| Industrial Revolution | A period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in the mid-1700s |
| communism | A political and economic system where factors of production are collectively owned and directed by the state. |
| John Kay | invented the flying shuttle |
| James Watt | Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819) |
| Jethro Tull | Invented the seed drill |
| Laissez Faire | Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs |
| Adam Smith | "wealth of nations" advocated the idea of laissez faire; or government not involving themselves in the economy. |
| Karl Marx | (1818-1883)-German philosopher and founder of Marxism, the theory that class conflict is the motor force driving historical change and development. |
| Muckrakers | Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public |
| capitalism | An economic system based on private property and free enterprise. |
| Robert Fulton | American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815) |
| textiles | Any cloth or goods produced by weaving, knitting, or felting. |
| Eli Whitney | An American inventor who developed the cotton gin. Also contributed to the concept of interchangeable parts that were exactly alike and easily assembled or exchanged |
| middle class | Bourgeoisie |
| John MacAdam | devised the method that constructed roads with tightly packed crushed rocks; "macadamized" |
| stock | A share of ownership in a corporation. |
| factors of production | Land, labor, and capital; the three groups of resources that are used to make all goods and services |
| Edmund Cartwright | Invented a power loom, which sped up weaving |
| Lowell | A town in Massachusetts was named in his honor. |
