| A | B |
|---|
| rift valley | a crack in the earths surface created by shifting |
| fault | a crack or break in the earths crust |
| escarpment | steep cliff or slope between a higher and lower land surface. |
| cataract | a large waterfall |
| desertification | process in which arable land is turned into desert. |
| delta | alluvial deposite at a river's mouth that looks like the Greek letter delta () |
| estuary | an area where a tide meets a river current. |
| leach | to wash nutrients out of soil. |
| savanna | a tropical grassland containing scattered trees. |
| harmattan | a dust-laden wind on the Atlantic coast of Africa in some seasons. |
| subsistence farming | producing just enough food for a family or village to survive. |
| shifting cultivation | clearing forests to plant fields for a few years and then abandoning them. |
| sedentary farming | farming carried on at permanent settlements. |
| commercial farming | agriculture or aquaculture organized as a business. |
| cash crop | farm products grown to be sold or traded rather than used by the farm family. |
| conservation farming | a land-management technique that helps protect farmland. |
| infrastructure | the basic urban necessities like streets and utilities. |
| e-commerce | selling and buying on the internet. |
| carrying capacity | the population that an area will support without undergoing deteriortion. |
| habitat | area with conditions suitable for certain plants or animals to live. |
| extinction | disappearance or end of an animal or plant species. |
| poaching | illiegal hunting of protected animals. |
| ecotourism | the prcactice and business of recreational travel based on concern for the environment. |
| indigenous | native to a place |
| domesticate | to adapt plants and animals from the wild to make them useful to people. |
| oral tradition | stories passed down from generation to generation by word of mouth |
| patriarchal | relating to a social group headed by a male family member. |
| clan | tribal community or a large group of people related to one another. |
| nuclear family | family group made up of husband, wife, and children. |
| sanitation | disposal of waste products. |
| lingua franca | a common language used amoung people with differant native languages. |
| urbanization | the movement of people from rural areas into cities. |
| service centers | convenient business location for rural dwellers. |
| pidgin | simplified speech used among people who speak differant languages. |
| coup d'état | a violent overthrow of the government |
| apartheid | policy of strict seperation of the races adopted in South Africa in the 1940s |
| universal suffrage | equal voting rights for all adult citizens of a nation |
