| A | B |
|---|
| Stress | Forces that change shape and volume of rock |
| Tension | Force that stretches crust |
| Compression | Force that squeezes crust |
| Shearing | Force that makes plates slide past each other |
| Normal | Fault resulting from tension force where plates split and rock slips over other rock |
| Reverse | Fault resulting from compression force where rocks push and plate slides over other |
| Strike Slip | Fault that results from shearing, slips past each other |
| Anticline | Caused by compression, folds rock upward |
| Syncline | Caused by compression, bends rock downward |
| Plateau | Highly elevated land with a flat top |
| Folded Mountains | Formed from compression, high elevation, high relief |
| Fault Block Mountains | Formed from tension. Mountains are separated with valleys and basins |
| Earthquake | Shaking and trembling on earth’s surface due to plate movement and rocks breaking |
| Focus | Where rock breaks in lithosphere |
| Epicenter | Area above focus on earth surface |
| P Wave | 1st to arrive, compress back and forth, initial jolt |
| S Wave | 2nd to arrive, shake from side to side and up and down (wave like motion), shake ground |
| Surface wave | Formed on surface, slowest, ground rolls, severe ground movement |
| Mercalli Scale | Rates earthquakes based on level of damage on surface 1-12 |
| Richter Scale | Rates earthquake based on seismic data from seismograph |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | Measures total energy released, good for near and far, small and large quakes |
| Seismograph | Instrumenused to collect seismic data |
| Liquefaction | Shaking of ground from earthquake causes moisture-rick soil to liquefy like quicksand |
| AftershockFrom same focus area, additional shaking because plate still adjusting, can happen minutes, hours, days later, can be more damaging because land is already unstable | From same focus area, additional shaking because plate still adjusting, can happen minutes, hours, days later, can be more damaging because land is already unstable |
| Tsunami | Large tidal wave due to water displacement from underwater earthquakes |
